On failure, dump the output of preceding jobs in CI status

[clydebarrow]

diagnosis of CI failures

What does this implement/fix?

The list-components job in particular fails in mysterious and silent ways when the PR is from a branch with a mangled history, and can lead to CI output apparently passing all jobs except CI status. By dumping the data that CI status used to make its "thumbs-down" decision, at least a pointer in the right direction is available for diagnosis.

Types of changes

• Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• Other

Related issue or feature (if applicable): fixes

Pull request in esphome-docs with documentation (if applicable): esphome/esphome-docs#

Test Environment

• ESP32
• ESP32 IDF
• ESP8266
• RP2040
• BK72xx
• RTL87xx

Example entry for config.yaml:

# Example config.yaml

Checklist:

• The code change is tested and works locally.
• Tests have been added to verify that the new code works (under tests/ folder).

If user exposed functionality or configuration variables are added/changed:

• Documentation added/updated in esphome-docs.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 53.43%. Comparing base (4d8b5ed) to head (92878de).
Report is 406 commits behind head on dev.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##              dev    #6564      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   53.70%   53.43%   -0.28%     
==========================================
  Files          50       50              
  Lines        9408     9538     +130     
  Branches     1654     1685      +31     
==========================================
+ Hits         5053     5097      +44     
- Misses       4056     4130      +74     
- Partials      299      311      +12     

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