[core] Ensure that a generated ID name is distinct from its type.

[clydebarrow]

What does this implement/fix?

If an ID is created with a type in the global namespace, i.e. without a :: separator, the first instance generated will be identical to the type, leading to compile-time errors.

This PR checks for that case and disambiguates the name.

Types of changes

• Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• Other

Related issue or feature (if applicable): fixes

Pull request in esphome-docs with documentation (if applicable): esphome/esphome-docs#

Test Environment

• ESP32
• ESP32 IDF
• ESP8266
• RP2040
• BK72xx
• RTL87xx

Example entry for config.yaml:

# Example config.yaml

Checklist:

• The code change is tested and works locally.
• Tests have been added to verify that the new code works (under tests/ folder).

If user exposed functionality or configuration variables are added/changed:

• Documentation added/updated in esphome-docs.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 54.24%. Comparing base (4d8b5ed) to head (fae3b70).
Report is 541 commits behind head on dev.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##              dev    #6706      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   53.70%   54.24%   +0.53%     
==========================================
  Files          50       50              
  Lines        9408     9581     +173     
  Branches     1654     1688      +34     
==========================================
+ Hits         5053     5197     +144     
- Misses       4056     4060       +4     
- Partials      299      324      +25     

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