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Supported Targets ESP32 ESP32-C2 ESP32-C3 ESP32-C5 ESP32-C6 ESP32-H2 ESP32-P4 ESP32-S2 ESP32-S3

Semihosting VFS driver example

(See the README.md file in the upper level 'examples' directory for more information about examples.)

This example demonstrates how to use semihosting VFS driver with ESP32. Example does the following steps:

  1. Uses esp_vfs_semihost_register function to register exposed host directory in VFS, enabling C standard library and POSIX functions to be used.
  2. Redirects stdout from the UART to the file on the host using freopen.
  3. Prints several messages to the redirected.
  4. Switches back to UART stdout using freopen.
  5. Opens text file on the host.
  6. Reads the file and prints its content on stdout.

How to use example

Hardware and tools required

This example requires a development board with JTAG interface, for example:

  • ESP32-Wrover-Kit, ESP32-Ethernet-Kit for ESP32
  • ESP32-S2-Kaluga for ESP32-S2
  • For ESP32-C3 or ESP32-S3, any board with the built-in USB interface (USB_SERIAL_JTAG)
  • ESP-Prog as an external JTAG adapter with any other development board

This example also requires OpenOCD to be set up.

Build and flash

  1. Replace PORT with serial port name and run this command to build and flash the example:

    idf.py -p PORT flash

    See the Getting Started Guide for full steps to configure and use ESP-IDF to build projects.

  2. Go to data subdirectory of the project and run OpenOCD.

    cd data
openocd -f board/esp32-wrover-kit-3.3v.cfg

    Note that you need to use the correct configuration file for your board after -f option in the above command. Please refer to the list of configuration files available for ESP32, ESP32-S2, ESP32-S3, ESP32-C3.

  3. With OpenOCD still running, open another console or terminal and run IDF monitor there:

    idf.py monitor

    (To exit the serial monitor, type Ctrl-].)

Overriding the base directory for semihosting

When the example application calls esp_vfs_semihost_register("/host"), the path /host on the ESP target is mapped to the semihosting base directory. By default, this is the directory where OpenOCD program is started from. In the instructions above, OpenOCD is started in data subdirectory of the example project.

When debugging with Xtensa based SoCs (ESP32, ESP32-S2, ESP32-S3) it is possible to override the semihosting base directory using an additional flag of openocd command. For example, on Linux and macOS:

openocd -c "set ESP_SEMIHOST_BASEDIR $IDF_PATH/examples/storage/semihost_vfs/data" -f board/esp32-wrover-kit-3.3v.cfg

or on Windows:

openocd -c "set ESP_SEMIHOST_BASEDIR %IDF_PATH%/examples/storage/semihost_vfs/data" -f board/esp32-wrover-kit-3.3v.cfg

The above command will set ESP_SEMIHOST_BASEDIR variable to examples/storage/semihost_vfs/data subdirectory of ESP-IDF. With that, it is not necessary to run OpenOCD from that specific directory.

Note: This feature is not available for RISC-V based SoCs (ESP32-C3, ESP32-H2). To set the semihosting base directory, change into the required directory before running openocd command.

Example output

There are two outputs produced by example:

  1. The example creates and writes esp32_stdout.txt file in the data directory of the project:

    W (274) example: Switched to semihosted stdout
Semihosted stdout write 0
Semihosted stdout write 1
Semihosted stdout write 2
...
Semihosted stdout write 98
Semihosted stdout write 99
W (274) example: Switch to UART stdout

  2. The example reads data/host_file.txt and prints its contents to the serial console:

    W (274) example: Switch to semihosted stdout
W (274) example: Switched back to UART stdout
I (274) example: Wrote 2798 bytes
====================== HOST DATA START =========================
The following are the graphical (non-control) characters defined by
ISO 8859-1 (1987).  Descriptions in words aren't all that helpful,
but they're the best we can do in text.  A graphics file illustrating
the character set should be available from the same archive as this
file.

Hex Description                 Hex Description

20  SPACE
...
7D  RIGHT CURLY BRACKET         FD  SMALL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE
7E  TILDE                       FE  SMALL LETTER THORN (Icelandic)
                                FF  SMALL LETTER Y WITH DIAERESIS
====================== HOST DATA END =========================
I (694) example: Read 6121 bytes