Add tests for patching history to check output and return values

[serathius]

Adding test for #18214 as promised.

[serathius]

/cc @siyuanfoundation @MadhavJivrajani @fuweid @fykaa @henrybear327

[k8s-ci-robot]

@serathius: GitHub didn't allow me to request PR reviews from the following users: fykaa.

Note that only etcd-io members and repo collaborators can review this PR, and authors cannot review their own PRs.

In response to this:

/cc @siyuanfoundation @MadhavJivrajani @fuweid @fykaa @henrybear327

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[k8s-ci-robot]

@serathius: The following test failed, say /retest to rerun all failed tests or /retest-required to rerun all mandatory failed tests:

Test name	Commit	Details	Required	Rerun command
pull-etcd-robustness-amd64	35f4556	link	false	/test pull-etcd-robustness-amd64

Full PR test history. Your PR dashboard. Please help us cut down on flakes by linking to an open issue when you hit one in your PR.

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[serathius]

/retest