Enable ability to upgrade code and storage of L2 contracts

[karlfloersch]

Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.
We currently do not have any way (other than regenesis) to upgrade our L2 contracts! This is no good as regenesis wipes historical transactions & requires coordination with everyone running nodes. Instead we need a way to cleanly upgrade our contracts that enables minimal downtime, multi-party coordination, and max simplicity.

Describe the solution you'd like
Implement automated OVM self upgrades. See a larger exploration of this topic here: https://www.notion.so/optimismpbc/Project-OVM-Upgradability-a0f2298a5aba469ea5749d6feb1aae3e

A simplified example flow for L2 upgrades here look like this:

1. Make change to our predeploys in monorepo
2. Run the deployer (aka chugsplash). This will..

• Generate a deployment script with all code & state that we want in the deployment based on the deployment config
• Generate a commitment to the deployment
• Everyone signs a multi-sig which approves the deployment based on the generated commitment
• The commitment is deposited into L2 from L1
• Pause transaction ingestion in L2Geth
• On L2 the upgrader contract calls setCode and setStorage based on the information in the commitment.
• Resume transaction ingestion in L2Geth / in the ExecutionManager now that the upgrade has completed.

3. Celebrate because our upgrades are automated!

TODO:

• Add an L2 predeploy Upgrader which is authenticated to call setCode and setStorage
• Update L2Geth to support setCode
• Write UpgradeExecutor contract for L2 that calls the Upgrader contract based on the deployment commitment that was deposited.
• Implement deployer (aka chugsplash)
  • Add deployment script generator which generates a deployment script based on the deploy config
  • Add L1 UpgradeExecutor which will just execute an enqueue which initiates the L2 deployment (which will be executed through the L2 UpgradeExecutor)
  • Add L1 / L2 deployment executor JS code which, based on a deployment script, executes the deployment if the deployment has been authorized / initiated.
  • Perform an L2 upgrade using this full system!
• Update infra & l2geth to ensure upgrades are fully automated & no transactions are sent during an upgrade.
  • Should update that status page to UPGRADE IN PROGRESS or something like that.
• Ensure it is possible to add env vars which set the environment specific variables like FRUAD_PROOF_WINDOW & SEQUENCER_ADDRESS.

Note on status quo deployment configuration

Our current deployment system splits out deployments into 2 configurations:

1. Deployment configuration -- deploy files which define the default deployment one would perform. ADDITIONALLY these files make use of environment variables passed in through process.env
2. Environment configuration -- When we update the contracts or the deployment script, we tag a new release which results in a final infrastructure config which looks similar to this: kovan.json - { image: 'v0.2.0', env: { 'FRUAD_PROOF_WINDOW': 100, ... }} (note I used json because it's easy to write a single line example)

[karlfloersch]

TODO:

• L2
  • Update all contracts to not have constructors
  • Add merkle tree / verification to the deployment manager
  • Merkle tree in off-chain logic
  • Integration test L2 set code and set storage (Ben)
  • Halt logic / set system status
  • Consider adding cancelDeployment / updateDeployment
  • Rebasing the original chugsplash PR - [WIP] feat: ChugSplash v0 #469
• L1
  • Update all contracts to not have constructors
  • Update unit tests to use smoddit

Karl: Write up and implement the deployment infrastructure process
Kelvin: Open new PR based on release candidate branch, that implements the chugsplash infra. Coordinate with Ben on how to integration test