EIP-2929: Gas cost increases for state access opcodes

circle.yml

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ commands:
     steps:
       - restore_cache:
           name: "Restore Silkworm cache"
-          key: &silkworm-cache-key silkworm-v1
+          key: &silkworm-cache-key silkworm-20210407
       - run:
           name: "Check Silkworm cache"
           command: |
@@ -38,11 +38,11 @@ commands:
           working_directory: ~/silkworm/src
           command: |
             [ "$SILKWORM_BUILD" = true ] || exit 0
-            git clone --no-checkout --single-branch https://github.com/torquem-ch/silkworm.git .
-            git checkout 614fabfcf19b8e06f0dcbe3e9af2345dcf748f3e
+            git clone --no-checkout --single-branch --branch eip2929_update https://github.com/torquem-ch/silkworm.git .
+            git checkout b083086cd4692b2a7f54af06644324a833fb4d3e
             git submodule init
             git submodule deinit tests
-            git submodule update --recursive --depth=1 --progress
+            git submodule update --init --recursive --depth=1 --progress
       - run:
           name: "Configure Silkworm"
           working_directory: ~/silkworm
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ jobs:
       - build
       - build_silkworm
       - download_consensus_tests:
-          rev: v7.0.0
+          rev: 8.0.2
       - run:
           name: "Silkworm-driven consensus tests"
           working_directory: ~/build

lib/evmone/baseline.cpp

@@ -226,8 +226,15 @@ evmc_result baseline_execute(ExecutionState& state) noexcept
             address(state);
             break;
         case OP_BALANCE:
-            balance(state);
+        {
+            const auto status_code = balance(state);
+            if (status_code != EVMC_SUCCESS)
+            {
+                state.status = status_code;
+                goto exit;
+            }
             break;
+        }
         case OP_ORIGIN:
             origin(state);
             break;
@@ -270,8 +277,15 @@ evmc_result baseline_execute(ExecutionState& state) noexcept
             gasprice(state);
             break;
         case OP_EXTCODESIZE:
-            extcodesize(state);
+        {
+            const auto status_code = extcodesize(state);
+            if (status_code != EVMC_SUCCESS)
+            {
+                state.status = status_code;
+                goto exit;
+            }
             break;
+        }
         case OP_EXTCODECOPY:
         {
             const auto status_code = extcodecopy(state);
@@ -296,9 +310,15 @@ evmc_result baseline_execute(ExecutionState& state) noexcept
             break;
         }
         case OP_EXTCODEHASH:
-            extcodehash(state);
+        {
+            const auto status_code = extcodehash(state);
+            if (status_code != EVMC_SUCCESS)
+            {
+                state.status = status_code;
+                goto exit;
+            }
             break;
-
+        }
         case OP_BLOCKHASH:
             blockhash(state);
             break;
@@ -381,8 +401,15 @@ evmc_result baseline_execute(ExecutionState& state) noexcept
             msize(state);
             break;
         case OP_SLOAD:
-            sload(state);
+        {
+            const auto status_code = sload(state);
+            if (status_code != EVMC_SUCCESS)
+            {
+                state.status = status_code;
+                goto exit;
+            }
             break;
+        }
         case OP_SSTORE:
         {
             const auto status_code = sstore(state);

lib/evmone/instruction_traits.hpp

@@ -1,12 +1,27 @@
 // evmone: Fast Ethereum Virtual Machine implementation
 // Copyright 2020 The evmone Authors.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+#pragma once
 
 #include <evmc/instructions.h>
 #include <array>
 
 namespace evmone::instr
 {
+/// EIP-2929 constants (https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2929).
+/// @{
+inline constexpr auto cold_sload_cost = 2100;
+inline constexpr auto cold_account_access_cost = 2600;
+inline constexpr auto warm_storage_read_cost = 100;
+
+/// Additional cold account access cost.
+///
+/// The warm access cost is unconditionally applied for every account access instruction.
+/// If the access turns out to be cold, this cost must be applied additionally.
+inline constexpr auto additional_cold_account_access_cost =
+    cold_account_access_cost - warm_storage_read_cost;
+/// @}
+
 /// The EVM instruction traits.
 struct Traits
 {
@@ -333,5 +348,18 @@ constexpr inline std::array<int16_t, 256> gas_costs<EVMC_ISTANBUL> = []() noexce
 }();
 
 template <>
-constexpr inline auto gas_costs<EVMC_BERLIN> = gas_costs<EVMC_ISTANBUL>;
+constexpr inline std::array<int16_t, 256> gas_costs<EVMC_BERLIN> = []() noexcept {
+    auto table = gas_costs<EVMC_ISTANBUL>;
+    table[OP_EXTCODESIZE] = warm_storage_read_cost;
+    table[OP_EXTCODECOPY] = warm_storage_read_cost;
+    table[OP_EXTCODEHASH] = warm_storage_read_cost;
+    table[OP_BALANCE] = warm_storage_read_cost;
+    table[OP_CALL] = warm_storage_read_cost;
+    table[OP_CALLCODE] = warm_storage_read_cost;
+    table[OP_DELEGATECALL] = warm_storage_read_cost;
+    table[OP_STATICCALL] = warm_storage_read_cost;
+    table[OP_SLOAD] = warm_storage_read_cost;
+    return table;
+}();
+
 }  // namespace evmone::instr

lib/evmone/instructions.hpp

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "execution_state.hpp"
+#include "instruction_traits.hpp"
 #include <ethash/keccak.hpp>
-#include <evmc/instructions.h>
 
 namespace evmone
 {
@@ -279,10 +279,19 @@ inline void address(ExecutionState& state) noexcept
     state.stack.push(intx::be::load<uint256>(state.msg->destination));
 }
 
-inline void balance(ExecutionState& state) noexcept
+inline evmc_status_code balance(ExecutionState& state) noexcept
 {
     auto& x = state.stack.top();
-    x = intx::be::load<uint256>(state.host.get_balance(intx::be::trunc<evmc::address>(x)));
+    const auto addr = intx::be::trunc<evmc::address>(x);
+
+    if (state.rev >= EVMC_BERLIN && state.host.access_account(addr) == EVMC_ACCESS_COLD)
+    {
+        if ((state.gas_left -= instr::additional_cold_account_access_cost) < 0)
+            return EVMC_OUT_OF_GAS;
+    }
+
+    x = intx::be::load<uint256>(state.host.get_balance(addr));
+    return EVMC_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 inline void origin(ExecutionState& state) noexcept
@@ -394,10 +403,19 @@ inline void gasprice(ExecutionState& state) noexcept
     state.stack.push(intx::be::load<uint256>(state.host.get_tx_context().tx_gas_price));
 }
 
-inline void extcodesize(ExecutionState& state) noexcept
+inline evmc_status_code extcodesize(ExecutionState& state) noexcept
 {
     auto& x = state.stack.top();
-    x = state.host.get_code_size(intx::be::trunc<evmc::address>(x));
+    const auto addr = intx::be::trunc<evmc::address>(x);
+
+    if (state.rev >= EVMC_BERLIN && state.host.access_account(addr) == EVMC_ACCESS_COLD)
+    {
+        if ((state.gas_left -= instr::additional_cold_account_access_cost) < 0)
+            return EVMC_OUT_OF_GAS;
+    }
+
+    x = state.host.get_code_size(addr);
+    return EVMC_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 inline evmc_status_code extcodecopy(ExecutionState& state) noexcept
@@ -418,6 +436,12 @@ inline evmc_status_code extcodecopy(ExecutionState& state) noexcept
     if ((state.gas_left -= copy_cost) < 0)
         return EVMC_OUT_OF_GAS;
 
+    if (state.rev >= EVMC_BERLIN && state.host.access_account(addr) == EVMC_ACCESS_COLD)
+    {
+        if ((state.gas_left -= instr::additional_cold_account_access_cost) < 0)
+            return EVMC_OUT_OF_GAS;
+    }
+
     auto data = s != 0 ? &state.memory[dst] : nullptr;
     auto num_bytes_copied = state.host.copy_code(addr, src, data, s);
     if (s - num_bytes_copied > 0)
@@ -460,10 +484,19 @@ inline evmc_status_code returndatacopy(ExecutionState& state) noexcept
     return EVMC_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-inline void extcodehash(ExecutionState& state) noexcept
+inline evmc_status_code extcodehash(ExecutionState& state) noexcept
 {
     auto& x = state.stack.top();
-    x = intx::be::load<uint256>(state.host.get_code_hash(intx::be::trunc<evmc::address>(x)));
+    const auto addr = intx::be::trunc<evmc::address>(x);
+
+    if (state.rev >= EVMC_BERLIN && state.host.access_account(addr) == EVMC_ACCESS_COLD)
+    {
+        if ((state.gas_left -= instr::additional_cold_account_access_cost) < 0)
+            return EVMC_OUT_OF_GAS;
+    }
+
+    x = intx::be::load<uint256>(state.host.get_code_hash(addr));
+    return EVMC_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 
@@ -561,11 +594,25 @@ inline evmc_status_code mstore8(ExecutionState& state) noexcept
     return EVMC_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-inline void sload(ExecutionState& state) noexcept
+inline evmc_status_code sload(ExecutionState& state) noexcept
 {
     auto& x = state.stack.top();
-    x = intx::be::load<uint256>(
-        state.host.get_storage(state.msg->destination, intx::be::store<evmc::bytes32>(x)));
+    const auto key = intx::be::store<evmc::bytes32>(x);
+
+    if (state.rev >= EVMC_BERLIN &&
+        state.host.access_storage(state.msg->destination, key) == EVMC_ACCESS_COLD)
+    {
+        // The warm storage access cost is already applied (from the cost table).
+        // Here we need to apply additional cold storage access cost.
+        constexpr auto additional_cold_sload_cost =
+            instr::cold_sload_cost - instr::warm_storage_read_cost;
+        if ((state.gas_left -= additional_cold_sload_cost) < 0)
+            return EVMC_OUT_OF_GAS;
+    }
+
+    x = intx::be::load<uint256>(state.host.get_storage(state.msg->destination, key));
+
+    return EVMC_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 inline evmc_status_code sstore(ExecutionState& state) noexcept
@@ -578,34 +625,36 @@ inline evmc_status_code sstore(ExecutionState& state) noexcept
 
     const auto key = intx::be::store<evmc::bytes32>(state.stack.pop());
     const auto value = intx::be::store<evmc::bytes32>(state.stack.pop());
-    const auto status = state.host.set_storage(state.msg->destination, key, value);
+
     int cost = 0;
+    if (state.rev >= EVMC_BERLIN &&
+        state.host.access_storage(state.msg->destination, key) == EVMC_ACCESS_COLD)
+        cost = instr::cold_sload_cost;
+
+    const auto status = state.host.set_storage(state.msg->destination, key, value);
+
     switch (status)
     {
     case EVMC_STORAGE_UNCHANGED:
-        if (state.rev >= EVMC_ISTANBUL)
+    case EVMC_STORAGE_MODIFIED_AGAIN:
+        if (state.rev >= EVMC_BERLIN)
+            cost += instr::warm_storage_read_cost;
+        else if (state.rev == EVMC_ISTANBUL)
             cost = 800;
         else if (state.rev == EVMC_CONSTANTINOPLE)
             cost = 200;
         else
             cost = 5000;
         break;
     case EVMC_STORAGE_MODIFIED:
-        cost = 5000;
-        break;
-    case EVMC_STORAGE_MODIFIED_AGAIN:
-        if (state.rev >= EVMC_ISTANBUL)
-            cost = 800;
-        else if (state.rev == EVMC_CONSTANTINOPLE)
-            cost = 200;
+    case EVMC_STORAGE_DELETED:
+        if (state.rev >= EVMC_BERLIN)
+            cost += 5000 - instr::cold_sload_cost;
         else
             cost = 5000;
         break;
     case EVMC_STORAGE_ADDED:
-        cost = 20000;
-        break;
-    case EVMC_STORAGE_DELETED:
-        cost = 5000;
+        cost += 20000;
         break;
     }
     if ((state.gas_left -= cost) < 0)
@@ -680,6 +729,12 @@ inline evmc_status_code selfdestruct(ExecutionState& state) noexcept
 
     const auto beneficiary = intx::be::trunc<evmc::address>(state.stack[0]);
 
+    if (state.rev >= EVMC_BERLIN && state.host.access_account(beneficiary) == EVMC_ACCESS_COLD)
+    {
+        if ((state.gas_left -= instr::cold_account_access_cost) < 0)
+            return EVMC_OUT_OF_GAS;
+    }
+
     if (state.rev >= EVMC_TANGERINE_WHISTLE)
     {
         if (state.rev == EVMC_TANGERINE_WHISTLE || state.host.get_balance(state.msg->destination))

lib/evmone/instructions_calls.cpp

@@ -20,6 +20,12 @@ evmc_status_code call(ExecutionState& state) noexcept
 
     state.stack.push(0);  // Assume failure.
 
+    if (state.rev >= EVMC_BERLIN && state.host.access_account(dst) == EVMC_ACCESS_COLD)
+    {
+        if ((state.gas_left -= instr::additional_cold_account_access_cost) < 0)
+            return EVMC_OUT_OF_GAS;
+    }
+
     if (!check_memory(state, input_offset, input_size))
         return EVMC_OUT_OF_GAS;
 

test/unittests/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ add_executable(evmone-unittests
     evm_fixture.hpp
     evm_test.cpp
     evm_calls_test.cpp
+    evm_eip2929_test.cpp
     evm_state_test.cpp
     evm_other_test.cpp
     evmone_test.cpp