core/rawdb: improve state scheme checking

[rjl493456442]

This pull request improves the condition to check if path state scheme is ever used.

Originally root node presence is used as the indicator if path scheme is used or not. However due to fact that root node will be deleted during the initial snap sync, this condition is no longer useful.

Therefore, one more condition is added if the root node is not present => The presence of PersistentStateID is also checked, reasons:

• PersistentStateID is only available in path scheme
• PersistentStateID is only committed once we successfully update the persistent state, e.g. Initialize genesis state
• PersistentStateID entry won't be deleted ever.

If PersistentStateID is present, it can prove we did write state in path scheme before and it's a good indicator for path scheme.

[rjl493456442]

With this fix, we can successfully detect the path scheme after aborting the snap sync

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/gary/sepolia$ ./fix-scheme-flag --sepolia --state.scheme hash --port 30389 --authrpc.port 9898 --datadir .
INFO [12-22|03:14:53.778] Starting Geth on Sepolia testnet...
INFO [12-22|03:14:53.803] Maximum peer count                       ETH=50 total=50
INFO [12-22|03:14:53.805] Smartcard socket not found, disabling    err="stat /run/pcscd/pcscd.comm: no such file or directory"
INFO [12-22|03:14:53.808] Set global gas cap                       cap=50,000,000
INFO [12-22|03:14:53.809] Initializing the KZG library             backend=gokzg
INFO [12-22|03:14:53.830] Allocated trie memory caches             clean=154.00MiB dirty=256.00MiB
INFO [12-22|03:14:53.831] Using pebble as the backing database
INFO [12-22|03:14:53.831] Allocated cache and file handles         database=/home/ubuntu/gary/sepolia/geth/chaindata cache=512.00MiB handles=524,288
INFO [12-22|03:14:54.820] Opened ancient database                  database=/home/ubuntu/gary/sepolia/geth/chaindata/ancient/chain readonly=false
Fatal: Failed to register the Ethereum service: incompatible state scheme, stored: path, provided: hash

[holiman]

LGTM