DESCRIPTION

Rose WM is a lightweight Wayland Compositor. At its core it is a simple Window Manager, but its functionality can be extended by a number of system processes, effectively making it a full-fledged Desktop Environment.

STRUCTURE

The Compositor performs the following tasks.

It maintains lists of input and output devices.
It maintains lists of desktop surfaces created by clients.
It processes and delivers events from input devices.
It displays desktop surfaces on outputs.

The Compositor uses the concept of workspace which contains desktop surfaces. Each desktop surface can only belong to a single workspace at a time, and each workspace can only belong to a single output at a time.

The Compositor has current workspace which receives all input events. Each workspace has a single focused surface which receives input events if this workspace is current. Each output displays a single workspace at a time which is its focused workspace.

The Compositor has a panel which displays output's index, focused workspace's index, and focused surface's name on each output. Panel's functionality can be extended by the PANEL system process (see below).

The Compositor can also show a menu which contains lists of outputs, workspaces, and surfaces. Users can use this menu to move and focus workspaces and surfaces.

SECURITY MODEL

Screen capture-related Wayland protocols are a threat to user's security. Only privileged processes which have been started via the DISPATCHER variant of the ROSE IPC PROTOCOL are allowed to access these Wayland protocols.

SYSTEM PROCESSES

Compositor's functionality can be extended via a number of system processes. The following diagram shows how these processes communicate with the Compositor.

+--------+                   +------------------+
|        |  WAYLAND PROTOCOL |                  |
|        |<----------------->|                  |
| ROSEWM |                   | SYSTEM PROCESSES |
|        | ROSE IPC PROTOCOL |                  |
|        |<----------------->|                  |
+--------+                   +------------------+

The ROSE IPC PROTOCOL is a separate protocol through which clients can query Compositor's state, configure its inputs and outputs, lock and unlock the screen.

The ROSE IPC PROTOCOL has its own Unix Domain Socket. Path to the socket is specified in the $ROSE_IPC_ENDPOINT environment variable.

Note: In this document all environment variables are prefixed with the "$" symbol.

The following table lists system processes with their descriptions.

NAME	DESCRIPTION
BACKGROUND	Displays background images on outputs.
DISPATCHER	Displays command prompt, handles IPC commands.
NOTIFICATION DAEMON	Displays notifications.
PANEL	Displays panel widgets on outputs.
SCREEN LOCKER	Displays lock screens on outputs.

These processes must create visible windows via the xdg_shell Wayland protocol (in other words, no non-standard Wayland protocols are required: usual GUI libs can be used).

System processes must obey compositor's commands: when close event is received by any surface which belongs to such process, the surface must be destroyed as soon as possible.

When a system process creates an xdg_toplevel, the compositor configures its size. For some system processes this is exact requirement, while for others it is a maximal limit. The following table specifies which behaviour is expected from which system process.

PROCESS	LIMIT TYPE
BACKGROUND	Exact
DISPATCHER	Exact
NOTIFICATION DAEMON	Maximal
PANEL	Exact
SCREEN LOCKER	Maximal

Some system processes are expected to create an xdg_toplevel for each output. The following table specifies such processes.

PROCESS	CREATES XDG_TOPLEVEL FOR EACH OUTPUT?
BACKGROUND	Yes
DISPATCHER	No
NOTIFICATION DAEMON	No
PANEL	Yes
SCREEN LOCKER	Yes

CONFIGURATION

The Compositor is configured via a number of configuration files. These files are looked-up in the following directories (in the specified order):

$HOME/.config/rosewm
/etc/rosewm

If a certain configuration file is not found in either of these directories, then default configuration is used.

Here's a table of configuration options.

OPTION	CONFIGURATION FILE NAME	MANDATORY?
Fonts	fonts	Yes
Theme	theme	No
Keyboard shortcuts	keyboard_control_scheme	No
Keyboard layouts	keyboard_layouts	No
BACKGROUND	system_background	No
DISPATCHER	system_dispatcher	No
NOTIFICATION DAEMON	system_notification_daemon	No
PANEL	system_panel	No
SCREEN LOCKER	system_screen_locker	No
TERMINAL	system_terminal	Yes

Mandatory configuration files must be present in at least one of the configuration directories.

FONTS

Fonts are configured with a simple text file which contains new-line-separated list of paths to font files. At least one path must be specified, and the second path should be a path to FontAwesome.

Example:

/usr/share/fonts/liberation-sans/LiberationSans-Regular.ttf\n
/usr/share/fonts/fontawesome/fontawesome-webfont.ttf\n

Note: Here \n denotes the new line character. Each path must end with the new line character.

THEME

Theme can be configured with a binary file. The format of such file is specified in the following table.

FIELD	TYPE
font size	byte
panel's position	byte
panel's size	byte
color scheme	array of 4-byte RGBA color values

Panel's position can only take the values specified in the following table.

VALUE	POSITION
0	TOP
1	BOTTOM
2	LEFT
3	RIGHT

Color scheme contains the following colors, in this order:

panel's background color,
panel's foreground color,
panel's highlight color,
menu's background color,
menu's foreground color,
menu's highlight color #1,
menu's highlight color #2,
surface's background color #1,
surface's background color #2,
surface's resizing background color #1,
surface's resizing background color #2,
surface's resizing foreground color,
workspace's background color.

KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS

Keyboard shortcuts can be configured with a binary file. The format of such file is specified in the following table.

FIELD	TYPE
leader	byte
$N_{core}$	byte
$N_{menu}$	byte
$N_{IPC}$	byte
core actions	array of $N_{core}$ objects of core action type
menu actions	array of $N_{menu}$ objects of menu action type
IPC actions	array of $N_{IPC}$ objects of IPC action type

Leader can only take the values specified in the following table.

VALUE	KEY
0	`XKB_KEY_Super_L`
1	`XKB_KEY_Super_R`
2	`XKB_KEY_Alt_L`
3	`XKB_KEY_Alt_R`
4	`XKB_KEY_Menu`

Requirements:

$N_{core} \in [N_{0}, 2 * N_{0}]$
$N_{menu} \in [N_{1}, 2 * N_{1}]$
$N_{IPC} \in [0, 128]$

Where $N_{0}$ = rose_core_action_type_count_ and $N_{1}$ = rose_menu_action_type_count_.

These constants are defined in the src/action.h file.

CORE/MENU ACTION TYPE

Both the core action and menu action types have the same format. This format is specified in the following table.

FIELD	TYPE
shortcut	object of shortcut type
index	byte

Requirements:

core action's index field must take values from the rose_core_action_type enumeration;
menu action's index field must take values from the rose_menu_action_type enumeration;

These enumerations and constants are defined in the src/action.h file.

IPC ACTION TYPE

IPC action type has the following format.

FIELD	TYPE
shortcut	object of shortcut type
IPC command	array of 64 bytes

SHORTCUT TYPE

Shortcut type is an array of 5 keysyms. Each keysym is represented by a 32-bit unsigned integer value packed into array of bytes, starting from value's least significant byte, all the way up to the most significant byte (little endian).

If the first keysym in a shortcut has value 0, then this value is replaced by the leader's keysym.

If a shortcut consists of less than 5 keysyms, then unused keysyms must be set to 0.

KEYBOARD LAYOUTS

Keyboard layouts can be configured with a simple text file which contains comma-separated list of layouts names. No new line characters should be present in this configuration file.

COMMAND LINE ARGUMENTS FOR PROCESSES

Command line arguments which are used for starting different processes (system processes and terminal) are specified via null-character-terminated list of strings.

Example #1 [file: system_terminal]:

/usr/bin/xfce4-terminal\0

Example #2 [file: system_dispatcher]:

/usr/bin/python3\0/usr/local/bin/dispatcher.py\0

Note: Here \0 denotes the null character.

ROSE IPC PROTOCOL

ROSE IPC PROTOCOL is a simple packet-based protocol. Packets have the following format.

FIELD	TYPE
$L_{payload}$	16-bit unsigned integer, little endian
payload	array of $L_{payload}$ bytes

Requirement: Payload's size can not exceed 8 KiB.

Once a client establishes connection with the Compositor, it must select protocol's variant by sending a packet with a single-byte payload. This payload can only take the values specified in the following table.

VALUE	PROTOCOL VARIANT
1	CONFIGURATOR
2	DISPATCHER
3	STATUS

Example packet #1, selects CONFIGURATOR protocol variant [hex]:

 01 00   01
+-----+ +--+
   ^      ^
   |      |
   |      +-- Payload: protocol variant
   |
   +-- Payload's size

Example packet #2, selects DISPATCHER protocol variant [hex]:

 01 00   02
+-----+ +--+
   ^      ^
   |      |
   |      +-- Payload: protocol variant
   |
   +-- Payload's size

Example packet #3, selects STATUS protocol variant [hex]:

 01 00   03
+-----+ +--+
   ^      ^
   |      |
   |      +-- Payload: protocol variant
   |
   +-- Payload's size

After a client selects protocol variant, the Compositor verifies client's access rights:

STATUS protocol is accessible by all clients;
CONFIGURATOR and DISPATCHER protocols are only accessible by the DISPATCHER, PANEL, SCREEN LOCKER system processes, and by any process which has been started via DISPATCHER protocol with IPC access rights.

CONFIGURATOR

Through this half-duplex protocol variant clients can query and modify the state of the Compositor:

query the keymap (keyboard layouts and current layout index),
query the number of input and output devices,
query the state of input and output devices,
configure input and output devices,
switch keyboard layout,
lock/unlock the screen,
reload configuration files.

This protocol variant is defined in the src/ipc_connection_configurator.c file (The implementation in this case is specification).

DISPATCHER

Through this full-duplex protocol variant the Compositor can send IPC commands to connected clients, and clients can request execution of privileged processes.

Compositor packet's payload contains one or more IPC commands. Each IPC command is an array of 64 bytes. Clients interpret these IPC commands in their own way.

Client packet's payload has the following format.

FIELD	TYPE
access rights	byte
command line arguments	array of null-character-terminated strings

The access rights field is a bitwise OR of zero or more values from the rose_command_access_rights enumeration. This enumeration is defined in the src/command.h file.

Example client's packet #1, starts a terminal emulator with IPC access rights:

\x19\x00\x01/usr/bin/xfce4-terminal\0

Example client's packet #2, starts an application which has IPC access rights, and access to the privileged Wayland protocols:

\x2B\x00\x03/usr/bin/python3\0/usr/local/bin/my_app.py\0

Note: Here \x indicates the start of a hexadecimal escape sequence, and \0 denotes the null character.

STATUS

Through this protocol variant the Compositor can notify all connected clients of its status change. Each packet contains one or more status messages. Each status message has the following format.

FIELD	TYPE
type	byte
info	depends on the type of the message, see below

The following table describes the values which can appear in the type field of a status message, along with the corresponding contents of message's info field.

VALUE	DESCRIPTION	INFO'S TYPE	INFO
0	changed: state vector	array of 4 bytes	see below
1	changed: keymap	empty	---
2	changed: keyboard control scheme	empty	---
3	changed: theme	empty	---
4	initialized: input device	unsigned integer	device's index
5	destroyed: input device	unsigned integer	device's index
6	initialized: output device	unsigned integer	device's index
7	destroyed: output device	unsigned integer	device's index

Server's state vector contains the following data, in this order:

screen lock flag,
keyboard shortcuts inhibition flag,
keyboard layout index.

COMPILATION

To compile the program, run:

make protocols
make

To copy the program to the /usr/local/bin/ directory, run:

sudo make install

To remove the program from the /usr/local/bin/ directory, run:

sudo make uninstall

Build system uses pkg-config to obtain compiler and linker flags for dependencies.

Dependencies:

wlroots version 0.17
wayland-protocols
wayland-scanner
wayland-server
libinput
xkbcommon
pixman-1
freetype2
fribidi

LICENSE

Distributed under the GNU General Public License, Version 3. (See accompanying file LICENSE_GPL_3_0.txt or copy at https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt)

DEDICATION

Dedicated to my family and my late aunt Rauza/Saniya. Everybody called her Rose. She was like a second mother to me, and the kindest person I've ever known. She always helped people and never asked anything in return.

Cənəttə urını bulsın! (Tatar. May her place be in Heaven!)

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
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build		build
src		src
.gitignore		.gitignore
LICENSE_GPL_3_0.txt		LICENSE_GPL_3_0.txt
Makefile		Makefile
README.md		README.md
format_source_code.sh		format_source_code.sh

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DESCRIPTION

STRUCTURE

SECURITY MODEL

SYSTEM PROCESSES

CONFIGURATION

FONTS

THEME

KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS

CORE/MENU ACTION TYPE

IPC ACTION TYPE

SHORTCUT TYPE

KEYBOARD LAYOUTS

COMMAND LINE ARGUMENTS FOR PROCESSES

ROSE IPC PROTOCOL

CONFIGURATOR

DISPATCHER

STATUS

COMPILATION

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DESCRIPTION

STRUCTURE

SECURITY MODEL

SYSTEM PROCESSES

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KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS

CORE/MENU ACTION TYPE

IPC ACTION TYPE

SHORTCUT TYPE

KEYBOARD LAYOUTS

COMMAND LINE ARGUMENTS FOR PROCESSES

ROSE IPC PROTOCOL

CONFIGURATOR

DISPATCHER

STATUS

COMPILATION

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