Create docker.yml and Dockerfile

.github/workflows/docker.yml

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+name: github-docker
+
+on: 
+  push: 
+    branches:
+      - 'docker*'
+      - 'master'
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  packages: write
+
+jobs:
+  build-master-docker:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:          
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v2
+
+      - name: Login to DockerHub
+        uses: docker/login-action@v2
+        with:
+          username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USERNAME }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_TOKEN }}
+
+      - name: Build and push Docker image of master 
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v3
+        with:
+          build-args: branch_name=${{github.ref_name}}
+          context: ./contrib/docker/
+          cache-from: type=registry,ref=dealii/dealii:master-focal
+          cache-to: type=inline
+          push: true
+          tags: exadg/exadg:${{github.ref_name}}-focal

contrib/docker/Dockerfile

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+FROM dealii/dealii:master-focal
+
+ARG branch_name
+
+RUN  git clone https://github.com/bergbauer/exadg \
+     && cd exadg \
+     && git fetch origin \
+     && git checkout $branch_name \
+     && mkdir build \
+     && cd build \
+     && cmake ../ -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE="Release" \
+     && make -j2 \
+     && cd .. \
+     && mkdir build-debug \
+     && cd build-debug \
+     && cmake ../ -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE="Debug" \
+     && make -j2