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Uniformizando notação conforme issue reamat#178
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fazedo committed Nov 7, 2017
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24 changes: 14 additions & 10 deletions cap_integracao/cap_integracao.tex
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ \subsection{Regra de Simpson}\index{integração numérica!regra de Simpson}
$$
x_1:=a,\qquad x_2:=\frac{a+b}{2}\qquad \text{e}\qquad x_3:=b
$$
com $h=x_3-x_1$, podemos obter o polinômio de Lagrange
com $h=\frac{x_3-x_1}{2}$, isto é, a distância entre dois pontos consecutivos, podemos obter o polinômio de Lagrange
\begin{equation*}
p_2(x) = f_1L_1(x) + f_2L_2(x) + f_3L_3(x)
\end{equation*}
Expand All @@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ \subsection{Regra de Simpson}\index{integração numérica!regra de Simpson}
\end{eqnarray}
Calculando essas integrais obtemos \emph{a regra de Simpson}:
$$
\int_a^bf(x)\;dx=\left(\frac{1}{6}f(x_1)+\frac{4}{6}f(x_2)+\frac{1}{6}f(x_3)\right)h.
\int_a^bf(x)\;dx=\left(\frac{1}{3}f(x_1)+\frac{4}{3}f(x_2)+\frac{1}{3}f(x_3)\right)h.
$$

\begin{ex}
Expand All @@ -314,18 +314,22 @@ \subsection{Regra de Simpson}\index{integração numérica!regra de Simpson}
Fazendo uma translação para a origem (subtraindo $x_1$ de $x_2$ e $x_3$)
\begin{eqnarray*}
A_1 &=& \int_{x_1}^{x_3} \frac{(x-x_2)(x-x_3)}{(x_1-x_2)(x_1-x_3)}\;dx \\
&=& \int_0^h \frac{(x-h/2)(x-h)}{(0-h/2)(0-h)}\;dx
= \frac{2}{h^2} \int_0^h (x-h/2)(x-h)\;dx \\
&=& \frac{2}{h^2} \int_0^h x^2 -\frac{3}{2}hx+\frac{h^2}{2}\;dx
= \frac{2}{h^2} (x^3/3 -\frac{3}{4}hx^2+\frac{h^2x}{2})_0^h \\
&=& \frac{2}{h^2} (h^3/3 -\frac{3}{4}h^3+\frac{h^3}{2})
= (\frac{2}{3}-\frac{3}{2}+1)h\\
&=& \frac{1}{6}h.
&=& \int_0^{2h} \frac{(x-h)(x-2h)}{(0-h)(0-2h)}\;dx
= \frac{1}{2h^2} \int_0^{2h} (x-h)(x-2h)\;dx \\
&=& \frac{1}{2h^2} \int_0^{2h} \left(x^2 -3hx+2h^2\right)dx
= \frac{1}{2h^2} \left.\left(\frac{1}{3}x^3 -\frac{3}{2}hx^2+2h^2x\right)\right|_0^h \\
&=& \frac{1}{2h^2} \left(\frac{1}{3}h^3 -\frac{3}{2}h^3+2h^3\right)
= \frac{h}{3}.
\end{eqnarray*}
Apesar de longa, é apenas a integral de um polinômio de grau 2. De forma semelhante podemos obter
$$
A_2 = \frac{4}{6}h, \;\;\; A_3 = \frac{1}{6}h
A_2 = \frac{4}{3}h, \;\;\; A_3 = \frac{1}{3}h
$$
Assim, lembrando que $h=\frac{b-a}{2}$, temos:
\begin{equation}
\int_a^b f(x)dx \approx \frac{b-a}{6}\left[f(a)+4f\left(\frac{a+b}{2}\right)+f(b)\right].
\end{equation}

\end{ex}


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