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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,height=device-height,initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><style>@media screen{body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button,body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container button,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container button{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none;background-color:transparent;border:0;color:inherit;cursor:pointer;font-size:inherit;opacity:.8;outline:none;padding:0;transition:opacity .2s linear}body[data-bespoke-view=""] 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*
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class="bespoke-marp-osc"><button data-bespoke-marp-osc="prev" tabindex="-1" title="Previous slide">Previous slide</button><span data-bespoke-marp-osc="page"></span><button data-bespoke-marp-osc="next" tabindex="-1" title="Next slide">Next slide</button><button data-bespoke-marp-osc="fullscreen" tabindex="-1" title="Toggle fullscreen (f)">Toggle fullscreen</button><button data-bespoke-marp-osc="presenter" tabindex="-1" title="Open presenter view (p)">Open presenter view</button></div><div id=":$p"><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-class="invert" data-theme="gaia" lang="en-US" class="invert" style="--class:invert;--theme:gaia;" data-marpit-advanced-background="background"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url("https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1594047752131-1ec0a6dfa4fc");"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="1" data-class="invert" data-theme="gaia" lang="en-US" class="invert" style="--class:invert;--theme:gaia;" data-marpit-advanced-background="content">
<h1 id="3d-web-programming"><strong>3D Web Programming</strong></h1>
<p>Fivos DOGANIS</p>
</section>
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<h1 id="whoami">whoami</h1>
<p><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="💼" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/1f4bc.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> <a href="linkedin.com/in/fivosdoganis">linkedin.com/in/fivosdoganis</a><br />
<img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="📧" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/1f4e7.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> <a href="mailto:fivos.doganis@gmail.com">fivos.doganis@gmail.com</a><br />
<img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="🐦" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/1f426.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> <a href="https://twitter.com/fdoganis">@fdoganis</a></p>
<footer>cover art @Bappie: <a href="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1594047752131-1ec0a6dfa4fc">https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1594047752131-1ec0a6dfa4fc</a></footer>
</section>
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<h1 id="height110px"><img src="https://www.gdr-isis.fr/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/isep.png" alt="" style="height:110px;" /></h1>
<h1 id="height120px"><img src="https://www.hull.ac.uk/site-elements/img/layout/header/logo/UoH-logo-white.svg" alt="" style="height:120px;" /></h1>
<p><a href="https://www.hull.ac.uk/">University of Hull</a></p>
<ul>
<li>Master of Science by Research (2001)<br />
<em>Augemented Reality in Archaeology: Registration Issues</em></li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h1 id="height110px-1"><img src="https://journals.sagepub.com/pb-assets/societylogos/SRI_society1_logo.gif" alt="" style="height:110px;" /></h1>
<p><a href="https://www.ircad.fr">IRCAD</a> (2002 - 2003)</p>
<ul>
<li>Institut de Recherche contre les Cancers de l'Appareil Digestif</li>
<li>Startup
<ul>
<li>Virtual-Surg team</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Augmented Reality Research Engineer</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h2 id="height80px"><img src="https://www.3ds.com/statics/menu/2/assets/img/logo/3ds-dark.svg" alt="" style="height:80px;" /></h2>
<p><a href="http://www.3ds.com">Dassault Systèmes</a> (2003+)</p>
<ul>
<li>3D Visualization Engineer
<ul>
<li>Scenegraph</li>
<li>Materials</li>
<li>Geometry, Tessellation</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Virtual and Augmented Reality Engineer</li>
<li>Research Engineer</li>
</ul>
</section>
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</foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-theme="gaia" lang="en-US" style="" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"></section></foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="13" data-paginate="true" data-theme="gaia" lang="en-US" data-marpit-pagination="13" style="--paginate:true;--theme:gaia;" data-marpit-pagination-total="100">
<h1 id="course-audience">Course audience</h1>
<ul>
<li>Computer Science students learning Computer Graphics, Physics or Machine Learning
<ul>
<li>and who are afraid to ask "what's a GPU?", "what's a shader?"</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Web designers wishing to add 3D graphics to their sites</li>
<li>Game developers wishing to conquer the Web</li>
<li>Anyone looking for a simple introduction to 3D
<ul>
<li>and who have no clue where to start</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="➡️" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/27a1.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> Feel free to skim through technical sections and use this course as future reference</p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="14" data-paginate="true" data-theme="gaia" lang="en-US" data-marpit-pagination="14" style="--paginate:true;--theme:gaia;" data-marpit-pagination-total="100">
<h1 id="course-prerequisites">Course prerequisites</h1>
<p>We'll start from scratch but these should help:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Math</strong>
<ul>
<li>3D vectors and matrices</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Programming</strong>
<ul>
<li><strong>JavaScript</strong> notions, or any similar language (HTML kept minimal)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>3D API
<ul>
<li><strong>OpenGL</strong>, DirectX, Metal</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>3D Software (Blender, Unity, Unreal Engine, Godot)</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h1 id="course-contents">Course contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Demo</strong>
<ul>
<li>Existing <strong>3D Web Apps</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Theory</strong>
<ul>
<li>A brief <strong>history</strong> of 3D on the Web</li>
<li><strong>Concepts</strong>: Architecture, Pipeline, APIs</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Practice</strong>
<ul>
<li>3D Web <strong>Programming</strong>
<ul>
<li><strong>WebGL</strong>, <strong>THREE.js</strong></li>
<li>Other APIs</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h1 id="%F0%9F%93%85-planning"><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="📅" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/1f4c5.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> Planning</h1>
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>Day 1</strong> (6 hours)</p>
<ul>
<li><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="📖" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/1f4d6.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> <strong>Theory</strong></li>
<li><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="💻" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/1f4bb.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> <strong>WebGL exercises</strong></li>
<li><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="🍜" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/1f35c.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> Lunch</li>
<li><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="🎮" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/1f3ae.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> <strong>THREE.js Theory</strong> + full <strong>exercise</strong></li>
<li><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="⚗️" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/2697.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> Exploration of examples + choice of a personal <strong>project</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Day 2</strong> (6 hours)</p>
<ul>
<li><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="🖊️" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/1f58a.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> Evaluation: <strong>Quizz</strong> ~20 min</li>
<li><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="⭐" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/2b50.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> <strong>Personal project / game jam</strong> <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="➡️" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/27a1.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> bonus points!</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h1 id="project-evaluation-criteria">Project evaluation criteria</h1>
<h2 id="bonus-points-for">Bonus points for:</h2>
<ul>
<li>originality <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="👀" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/1f440.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></li>
<li>interactions <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="👋" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/1f44b.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></li>
<li>physics <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="💥" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/1f4a5.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> / animations <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="🏃" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/1f3c3.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> / sounds <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="🎶" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/1f3b6.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> / eye-candy <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="🎆" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/1f386.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></li>
<li>GIS <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="🌍" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/1f30d.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></li>
<li>code quality <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="✨" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/2728.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/>, tricks <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="😏" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/1f60f.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/>, performance <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="⏱️" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/23f1.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></li>
<li>fun <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="🎉" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/1f389.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h1 id="3d-web-apps">3D Web Apps</h1>
<ul>
<li>Games</li>
<li>e-Commerce</li>
<li>3D content creation</li>
<li>3D data exploration</li>
<li>Interactive art</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<p><a href="https://classic.minecraft.net/"><strong>Minecraft Classic</strong></a></p>
</section>
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<p><a href="https://tympanus.net/Tutorials/TheAviator/">Aviator</a></p>
</section>
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<p><a href="http://designinteractif.gobelins.fr/2018/07/05/heraclos/">Heraclos, (Gobelins)</a></p>
</section>
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<p><a href="https://artsandculture.google.com/experiment/blob-opera/AAHWrq360NcGbw">Blob Opera (Google)</a></p>
</section>
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<p>Apple iPhone Studio</p>
</section>
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<p><a href="https://playcanv.as/p/RqJJ9oU9/">BMW</a></p>
</section>
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<p><a href="http://letsplay.ouigo.com/">OUIGO</a></p>
</section>
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<p><a href="https://stephaneginier.com/sculptgl/">SculptGL</a></p>
</section>
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<p><a href="https://www.solidworks.com/fr/product/3d-sculptor">3D Sculptor (Dassault Systèmes)</a></p>
</section>
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<p><a href="https://www.onshape.com/en/">OnShape (PTC)</a></p>
</section>
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<p><a href="https://sketchfab.com/">SketchFab (Epic)</a></p>
</section>
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<p><a href="https://www.zygotebody.com/">Zygote Body</a></p>
</section>
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<p><a href="https://ares.jsc.nasa.gov/astromaterials3d/">NASA</a></p>
</section>
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<p><a href="http://www.itowns-project.org/">iTowns (IGN)</a></p>
</section>
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<h1 id="history">History</h1>
<p>The past, present and future of Web 3D</p>
</section>
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<h2 id="dis-papy-c%C3%A9tait-comment-la-3d-avant"><em>"Dis Papy, c'était comment la 3D avant?"</em></h2>
</section>
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<h1 id="prehistory-1983---1993"><a href="https://www.slideshare.net/Mark_Kilgard/sigraph-asia-2008-modern-opengl-presentation/13-13OpenGLs_PrehistoryIRIS_GL_1Window_system">Prehistory</a> (1983 - 1993)</h1>
<ul>
<li>Silicon Graphics (SGI) hardware only
<ul>
<li>IRIX OS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>IRIS GL (1983)
<ul>
<li>API <strong>close to hardware</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>IRIS Inventor (1988)</li>
<li><strong>OpenGL 1.0</strong> (1993)
<ul>
<li>Open API, Multi-OS</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h1 id="fixed-pipeline-1993---2004"><a href="https://stanford.edu/class/ee267/lectures/lecture2.pdf">Fixed Pipeline</a> (1993 - 2004)</h1>
<ul>
<li>3dfx <strong>Glide</strong> API (1996)
<ul>
<li>Voodoo: "hardware 3D acceleration" for all</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Microsoft <strong>Direct X</strong> API (1997)
<ul>
<li>Windows-only <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="☹️" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/2639.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>OpenGL ES</strong> (2004)
<ul>
<li><strong>Subset</strong> for "<strong>E</strong>mbedded <strong>S</strong>ystems" <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="📱" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/1f4f1.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="🎮" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/1f3ae.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></li>
<li><a href="https://www.khronos.org/assets/uploads/developers/library/2015-siggraph/3D-BOF-SIGGRAPH_Aug15.pdf"><em>"most widely deployed 3D graphics API"</em></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>OpenGL 2.0</strong> (2004)
<ul>
<li><strong><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenGL_Shading_Language">GLSL</a></strong> Shaders <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="🎉" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/1f389.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<ul>
<li>
<p>Foundation of <strong>nVIDIA</strong> (1993)<br />
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>NV1 in <strong>SEGA Saturn</strong> (1994)<br />
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>GeForce 256 (1999)</p>
<ul>
<li>democratizes the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_processing_unit"><strong>GPU</strong></a>: <strong>G</strong>raphics <strong>P</strong>rocessing <strong>U</strong>nit, Transform & Ligthing</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>GeForce 3 (2001): NV2A in Microsoft's <strong>Xbox</strong>, <strong>programmable shading</strong><br />
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h1 id="other-players">Other players</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>SGI</strong> + <strong>Nintendo</strong>: Project Reality / <strong>N64</strong> (1996)
<ul>
<li>SGI ends in 2006 <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="💀" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/1f480.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id=""></h2>
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>Imagination Technologies</strong> (<strong>PowerVR</strong> GPU) + <strong>Sega</strong>: <strong>Dreamcast</strong> (1998)<br />
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_graphics_processing_units#Second_generation">Intel i740</a> (1998) : OS in 3D</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>ATI (AMD)</strong> + <strong>Nintendo</strong>: <strong>Gamecube</strong> (2001)<br />
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h1 id="shaders-mobile-web-2004"><a href="https://slideplayer.com/slide/16710114/">Shaders, Mobile, Web</a> (2004+)</h1>
<ul>
<li>OpenGL ES 2.0 (2007)
<ul>
<li><strong>Mobile subset with shaders</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Canvas 3D (2007), <strong>WebGL</strong> ancestor
<ul>
<li>created by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Vuki%C4%87evi%C4%87"><strong>Vladimir Vukićević</strong></a> at Mozilla</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>WebGL 1.0</strong> (<strong>2011</strong>) <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="⭐" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/2b50.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="🎉" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/1f389.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/>
<ul>
<li>OpenGL ES 2.0 functionality for the Web!</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>OpenGL ES 3.0 (2012), <strong>3.1</strong> (2014): <strong>not for Apple</strong> <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="😢" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/1f622.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></li>
<li><strong>WebGL 2.0</strong> (2017)
<ul>
<li>OpenGL ES 3.0 exposed to the Web</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<blockquote>
<p><strong>Before WebGL</strong>, you couldn’t really do 3D on the web at all.<br />
There was <strong>powerful 3D hardware</strong> everywhere on both desktops and mobile phones, but <strong>the web couldn’t tap into any of it.</strong><br />
There were some <strong>plugins</strong>, but users had to do an extra <strong>installation step</strong> that was a huge obstacle to adoption.<br />
All the browser vendors knew that this was a <strong>challenge</strong> that needed to be resolved, which is why we came together as a <strong>Khronos</strong> Working Group.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><a href="https://architosh.com/2019/02/webgl-2-0-why-its-the-path-to-stable-open-standards-based-3d-web-graphics/2/">Vladimir Vukićević</a> (WebGL creator, WebVR guru)</p>
</section>
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<h1 id="webgl-architecture-software-stack">WebGL architecture: software stack</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Code</strong>: HTML + CSS + JS
<ul>
<li>JS code inside the web page makes WebGL API calls</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Browser</strong>:
<ul>
<li>browser interorets JS ocde (using JS Engine)</li>
<li>turns WebGL calls into OpenGL calls (binding)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>OS + Driver</strong>: converts OpenGL calls to
<ul>
<li>DirectX calls on Windows, Metal on Apple (using <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANGLE_(software)">ANGLE</a>)</li>
<li>OpenGL or OpenGL ES calls on other OSes</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>CPU + GPU</strong>: run the <strong>hardware accelerated</strong> code!</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="43" data-paginate="true" data-theme="gaia" lang="en-US" data-marpit-pagination="43" style="--paginate:true;--theme:gaia;" data-marpit-pagination-total="100">
<h1 id="impact-of-stack-on-performance">Impact of stack on performance</h1>
<ul>
<li>Interpreted JS code is ~10x slower than native code
<ul>
<li>unless you use <a href="https://webassembly.org/">WebAssembly</a> ("only" 2x slower than native)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>On mobile devices, native code is ~10x slower than on desktop</li>
<li><strong>Performance tips</strong>
<ul>
<li>reduce processing in JS code, let the shaders do the hard work</li>
<li>once shaders are <strong>compiled</strong> and rendering data is on the GPU, the code runs at near <strong>native speeds</strong></li>
<li>memory is limited: use <a href="https://google.github.io/draco/">Draco</a> geometry compression, and <a href="https://www.khronos.org/blog/google-and-binomial-contribute-basis-universal-texture-format-to-khronos-gltf-3d-transmission-open-standard">Basis</a> GPU texture compression</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h2 id="evolution">Evolution</h2>
</section>
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<h1 id="the-end-of-an-api">The end of an API?</h1>
</section>
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<h1 id="evolution-issues">Evolution issues</h1>
<ul>
<li>New hardware, new needs since 1993
<ul>
<li><strong>mobiles</strong>, wearables <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="📱" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/1f4f1.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="⌚" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/231a.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="🕶️" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/1f576.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></li>
<li><strong>embedded systems</strong>, AI, Vision <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="🚗" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/1f697.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="🚀" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/1f680.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>API has become more and more <strong>complex</strong>
<ul>
<li>coding fast and bug-free <strong>drivers</strong> is hard</li>
<li>OpenGL <strong>extensions</strong> are not universal</li>
<li>API <strong>subset</strong> needed to deprecate old and slow APIs</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="➡️" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/27a1.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> New API needed, and it should be
<ul>
<li><strong>low-level, universal, fast and abstract</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h1 id="but-do-we-really-need-a-new-api">But do we really <a href="https://github.com/gpuweb/gpuweb/issues/2">need</a> a new API?</h1>
<ul>
<li>Not really, see <strong>AZDO</strong>: Approaching Zero Driver Overhead (2016)
<ul>
<li>using the "right" OpenGL subset and the "right" extensions, we can squeeze as much performance as possible from the GPU
<ul>
<li><a href="https://fr.slideshare.net/CassEveritt/approaching-zero-driver-overhead">https://fr.slideshare.net/CassEveritt/approaching-zero-driver-overhead</a></li>
<li><a href="https://fr.slideshare.net/tlorach/opengl-nvidia-commandlistapproaching-zerodriveroverhead">https://fr.slideshare.net/tlorach/opengl-nvidia-commandlistapproaching-zerodriveroverhead</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>main idea
<ul>
<li>free the CPU <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="➡️" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/27a1.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> fewer DrawCalls</li>
<li>keep the GPU busy <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="➡️" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/27a1.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> send more data at once</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h1 id="api-fragmentation-%F0%9F%92%A5">API Fragmentation <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="💥" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/1f4a5.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></h1>
<ul>
<li>Proprietary API proliferation <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="➡️" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/27a1.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> no portability <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="😦" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/1f626.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/>
<ul>
<li>close to the GPU <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="➡️" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/27a1.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> fast</li>
<li>new <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="➡️" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/27a1.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> "clean"</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Direct X 12</strong> (Microsoft) : Windows, Xbox</li>
<li><strong>Mantle</strong> (AMD) transferred to <strong>Khronos</strong> to become <strong>Vulkan</strong>
<ul>
<li><strong>new open low-level standard</strong> <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="⭐" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/2b50.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Metal</strong> (Apple)
<ul>
<li>looks like Vulkan, Metal was created first</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h1 id="can-we-reunite-these-new-apis">Can we reunite these new APIs?</h1>
<p>Which common subset to use?</p>
</section>
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<h1 id="webgl-next--webgpu">WebGL Next == WebGPU ?</h1>
<ul>
<li>Apple's "WebMetal", API similar to Metal</li>
<li>API partially reused and renamed <strong>WebGPU</strong>
<ul>
<li>temporary name, <a href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20954874">API still being defined</a></li>
<li>both <strong>low-level</strong> and <strong>object-oriented</strong></li>
<li><strong>fast</strong></li>
<li>subset for <strong>web AND native</strong>, despite the "web" in the name
<ul>
<li>a bit like "Vulkan ES" / "Metal ES"</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Might replace WebCL (Compute Shaders), abandoned <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="😢" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/1f622.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></li>
<li>Compatible with <a href="http://maierfelix.github.io">WebAssembly</a></li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h1 id="all-this-is-so-confusing-which-api-should-i-actually-use-%E2%81%89%EF%B8%8F">All this is so confusing, which API should I actually use <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="⁉️" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/2049.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></h1>
<p>Well...</p>
</section>
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<blockquote>
<p>We hope for <strong>universal availability of WebGL 2.0 soon</strong>. If you need to ship your product <strong>today, WebGL 2.0 is the way to go</strong>. WebGL will be <strong>supported indefinitely</strong>. You do not need to worry about it going away.</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>WebGPU</strong>'s timeline is discussed in the answer to the previous question. WebXR and WebAR are already working on WebGPU integration.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><a href="https://www.khronos.org/assets/uploads/developers/library/2020-virtual-webgl-meetup/01%20WebGL%20WG%20Updates.pdf">Khronos WebGL meetup</a>, November 18, 2020</p>
<footer><a href="https://www.khronos.org/blog/webgl-happenings">https://www.khronos.org/blog/webgl-happenings</a></footer>
</section>
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<blockquote>
<p><strong>WebGL 2.0</strong> can now be considered <strong>universally available</strong> across browsers, operating systems and devices.<br />
As an application author, you can <strong>target WebGL 2.0 with confidence.</strong><br />
We encourage you to <strong>migrate to WebGL 2.0</strong><br />
It's no longer necessary to maintain a WebGL 1.0 fallback path unless you need to reach absolutely every device.<br />
In particular, <strong>older Windows machines and Android devices.</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>WebGPU</strong> standardization continues; conformance testing in high gear<br />
Aiming to reach 1.0 in 2022 Q2 (spec and conformance tests).</p>
</blockquote>
<p><a href="https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1r9ZSEbfCfaTDE0-xT0-BMHjcYW1X-SUnUB-NO1TxDI0/preview?slide=id.gf7dc91f55f_0_14">Khronos WebGL + WebGPU meetup</a>, January 25, 2022</p>
<footer><a href="https://www.khronos.org/events/webgl-webgpu-meetup-january-2022">https://www.khronos.org/events/webgl-webgpu-meetup-january-2022</a></footer>
</section>
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<header><a href="https://caniuse.com/webgl">https://caniuse.com/webgl</a></header>
</section>
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<h1 id="webgl-10-%E2%9C%85">WebGL 1.0 <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="✅" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/2705.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></h1>
<ul>
<li>available to <strong>98,45%</strong> of users!
<ul>
<li>data from january 2024: <a href="https://caniuse.com/webgl">https://caniuse.com/webgl</a></li>
<li>even 99.72% according to <a href="https://web3dsurvey.com/webgl">https://web3dsurvey.com/webgl</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>including <strong>mobile</strong> browsers
<ul>
<li>Chrome for Android</li>
<li>iOS Safari</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="➡️" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/27a1.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> <strong>available everywhere!</strong> <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="🎉" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/1f389.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-paginate="true" data-header="https://caniuse.com/webgl2 [november 2022]" data-theme="gaia" lang="en-US" data-marpit-pagination="63" style="--paginate:true;--header:https://caniuse.com/webgl2 [november 2022];--theme:gaia;" data-marpit-pagination-total="100" data-marpit-advanced-background="background"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url("https://cdn.windowsreport.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/webgl-2-support.png");background-size:contain;"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="63" data-paginate="true" data-header="https://caniuse.com/webgl2 [november 2022]" data-theme="gaia" lang="en-US" data-marpit-pagination="63" style="--paginate:true;--header:https://caniuse.com/webgl2 [november 2022];--theme:gaia;" data-marpit-pagination-total="100" data-marpit-advanced-background="content">
<header><a href="https://caniuse.com/webgl2">https://caniuse.com/webgl2</a> [november 2022]</header>
</section>
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<h1 id="webgl-20-%E2%9A%A0%EF%B8%8F"><a href="https://www.khronos.org/registry/webgl/specs/latest/2.0/">WebGL 2.0</a> <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="⚠️" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/26a0.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></h1>
<ul>
<li>available to <strong>96.34%</strong> of users!
<ul>
<li>data from january 2024: <a href="https://caniuse.com/webgl2">https://caniuse.com/webgl2</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>even 97.92% according to <a href="https://web3dsurvey.com/webgl2">https://web3dsurvey.com/webgl2</a></li>
<li>Standard at Apple since iOS 15! (september 2021) <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="🎉" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/1f389.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></li>
</ul>
<p><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="➡️" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/27a1.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> <strong>official, <a href="https://webgl2fundamentals.org/webgl/lessons/webgl1-to-webgl2.html">you can start coding with it!</a></strong> (check <a href="#62">availability</a>)</p>
<ul>
<li>retrocompatibility: WebGL 1.0 works in a WebGL 2.0 context</li>
<li>WebGL 1.0 <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/@luma.gl/webgl2-polyfill/v/7.1.0-alpha.3">polyfill</a> to support a subset of WebGL 2.0 (<img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="⚠️" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/26a0.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> shaders)</li>
<li>you must learn WebGL 1 to understand existing code.</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="65" data-paginate="true" data-theme="gaia" lang="en-US" data-marpit-pagination="65" style="--paginate:true;--theme:gaia;" data-marpit-pagination-total="100">
<h1 id="webgl-20-on-ios">WebGL 2.0 on iOS</h1>
<p><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="➡️" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/27a1.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> Test WebGL 2 support here:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://webglreport.com/?v=2">https://webglreport.com/?v=2</a></li>
<li><a href="https://get.webgl.org/webgl2/">https://get.webgl.org/webgl2/</a></li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h1 id="webgl-20--standardized-extensions">WebGL 2.0 : <a href="https://webgl2fundamentals.org/webgl/lessons/webgl1-to-webgl2.html">standardized extensions</a></h1>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code> Depth Textures (WEBGL_depth_texture)
Floating Point Textures (OES_texture_float/OES_texture_float_linear)
Half Floating Point Textures (OES_texture_half_float/OES_texture_half_float_linear)
Vertex Array Objects (OES_vertex_array_object)
Standard Derivatives (OES_standard_derivatives)
Instanced Drawing (ANGLE_instanced_arrays)
UNSIGNED_INT indices (OES_element_index_uint)
Setting gl_FragDepth (EXT_frag_depth)
Blend Equation MIN/MAX (EXT_blend_minmax)
Direct texture LOD access (EXT_shader_texture_lod)
Multiple Draw Buffers (WEBGL_draw_buffers)
Texture access in vertex shaders
</code></pre>
<p><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="➡️" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/27a1.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> when WebGL 2.0 is not supported, we can get close to it using WebGL 1.0 + <strong>these extensions</strong>!</p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="67" data-paginate="true" data-theme="gaia" lang="en-US" data-marpit-pagination="67" style="--paginate:true;--theme:gaia;" data-marpit-pagination-total="100">
<h1 id="webgl-101-%E2%9C%85">WebGL 1.0.1 <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="✅" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/2705.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></h1>
<p><a href="https://github.com/jdashg/misc/blob/master/webgl/webgl-v1.1.js">WebGL 1.0.1</a> == WebL 1.0 + <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebGL_API/WebGL_best_practices">omnipresent extensions</a></p>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-javascript">ANGLE_instanced_arrays
EXT_blend_minmax
OES_element_index_uint
OES_standard_derivatives
OES_vertex_array_object
WEBGL_debug_renderer_info
WEBGL_lose_context
</code></pre>
<p><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="➡️" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/27a1.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> <strong>always available, use them!</strong></p>
</section>
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<h1 id="webgl-102-%E2%9C%85">WebGL 1.0.2 <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="✅" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/2705.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></h1>
<p>WebGL 1.0.2 == WebL 1.0.1 + <a href="https://jdashg.github.io/misc/webgl/webgl-feature-levels.html">omnipresent extensions (since 2021)</a></p>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-javascript">EXT_texture_filter_anisotropic
OES_texture_float
OES_texture_float_linear
OES_texture_half_float
OES_texture_half_float_linear
WEBGL_depth_texture
</code></pre>
<p><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="➡️" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/27a1.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> <strong>always available, use them!</strong></p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="69" data-paginate="true" data-theme="gaia" lang="en-US" data-marpit-pagination="69" style="--paginate:true;--theme:gaia;" data-marpit-pagination-total="100">
<h1 id="webgl-103-%E2%9A%A0%EF%B8%8F">WebGL 1.0.3 <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="⚠️" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/26a0.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></h1>
<p>WebGL 1.0.3 == WebL 1.0.2 + <a href="https://jdashg.github.io/misc/webgl/webgl-feature-levels.html">omnipresent extensions (since 2022)</a>:</p>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-javascript">EXT_shader_texture_lod
EXT_sRGB
EXT_frag_depth
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>but <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WEBGL_draw_buffers">one very useful extension</a> is not supported on Android <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="😢" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/1f622.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></li>
</ul>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-javascript">WEBGL_draw_buffers
</code></pre>
<p><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="➡️" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/27a1.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> <strong>check availability before use</strong></p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="70" data-paginate="true" data-theme="gaia" lang="en-US" data-marpit-pagination="70" style="--paginate:true;--theme:gaia;" data-marpit-pagination-total="100">
<h1 id="webgl-20-extensions-%E2%9A%A0%EF%B8%8F">WebGL 2.0 extensions <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="⚠️" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/26a0.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></h1>
<p>WebGL 2.0 <a href="https://jdashg.github.io/misc/webgl/webgl-feature-levels.html">omnipresent extensions since 2022</a>:</p>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-javascript">EXT_texture_filter_anisotropic
OES_texture_float_linear
WEBGL_debug_renderer_info
WEBGL_lose_context
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>but one fails on <a href="https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=240919">Safari</a> <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="❌" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/274c.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> (<a href="https://caniuse.com/?search=EXT_float_blend">EXT_float_blend</a> ?): problem for <strong>GPGPU</strong></li>
</ul>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-javascript">EXT_color_buffer_float
</code></pre>
<p><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="➡️" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/27a1.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> <strong>check availability before use</strong></p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="71" data-paginate="true" data-class="lead invert" data-theme="gaia" lang="en-US" class="lead invert" data-marpit-pagination="71" style="--paginate:true;--class:lead invert;--theme:gaia;" data-marpit-pagination-total="100">
<h1 id="%E2%9A%A0%EF%B8%8F-available--no-bugs"><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="⚠️" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/26a0.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> Available != no bugs</h1>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>#WebGL2</strong> is a rubbish job on <strong>#IOS14</strong>. On Ipad pro more than half of the conformance tests fail ( 153553 over 260803 - tested here: <a href="https://khronos.org/registry/webgl/sdk/tests/webgl-conformance-tests.html">https://khronos.org/registry/webgl/sdk/tests/webgl-conformance-tests.html</a>). For GPGPU I still use WebGL1 for IOS devices.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><a href="https://twitter.com/xavierbourry/status/1287842100160102402?s=20">@xavierbourry, July 2020</a></p>
</section>
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<h1 id="webgpu-reminders"><a href="https://webkit.org/blog/9528/webgpu-and-wsl-in-safari/">WebGPU</a> (reminders)</h1>
<ul>
<li>low-level API, fast, promising, introduced by Apple</li>
<li>close to <a href="https://developer.apple.com/metal/"><strong>Metal</strong></a>, Vulkan and DirectX 12
<ul>
<li><a href="https://developer.apple.com/videos/graphics-and-games/metal">read Metal docs</a> to understand the concepts</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>new shader language: <a href="https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/wgsl.html"><strong>WGSL</strong></a>
<ul>
<li>text format, gets compiled as SPIR-V (Vulkan)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>version 1.0 <a href="https://developer.chrome.com/blog/webgpu-release/">released on Chrome in april 2023</a></strong></li>
<li><a href="https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/">official W3C spec</a>, <a href="https://webkit.org/demos/webgpu/">demos</a>, <a href="https://alain.xyz/blog/raw-webgpu">minimalistic code sample</a></li>
</ul>
<p><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="➡️" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/27a1.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> probably the future Web 3D API, <strong>keep an eye on it!</strong> <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="👀" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/1f440.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></p>
</section>
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<h1 id="conclusion-which-api-should-i-use">Conclusion: which API should I use?</h1>
<ul>
<li><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="1️⃣" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/31-20e3.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> Start with <strong>WebGL 1.0</strong>, many exampled (13-year-old API!)
<ul>
<li>to understand the <strong><em>concepts</em></strong>
<ul>
<li>state machine, pipeline, buffers, shaders</li>
<li>see OpenGL course!</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>and <strong>how WebGL interacts with a web page</strong>
<ul>
<li>see HTML / JavaScript / CSS course</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="2️⃣" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/32-20e3.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> Check new features introduced in <strong>WebGL 2.0</strong></li>
<li><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="3️⃣" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/33-20e3.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> Use high-level APIs: <strong><a href="https://threejs.org">THREE.js</a></strong>, <a href="https://www.babylonjs.com">Babylon</a>, <a href="https://aframe.io">A-Frame</a> etc.
<ul>
<li>for a smooth transition to <a href="https://threejs.org/examples/?q=webgpu">WebGPU</a>!</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h1 id="webgl">WebGL</h1>
<p>Concepts</p>
</section>
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<h1 id="concepts--syntax">Concepts > Syntax</h1>
<ul>
<li>APIs evolve</li>
<li>GPUs change too</li>
<li>But all modern APIs and GPUs have <strong>a lot in common</strong></li>
<li><strong>Common, transposable concepts</strong> are more important than <strong>syntax</strong> and APIs</li>
</ul>
<p><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="➡️" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/27a1.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> <strong>understand how GPUs work</strong> for <strong>maximum performance</strong></p>
<p><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="➡️" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/27a1.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> <strong>transpose your knowledge easily</strong> to other APIs, OSes or architectures</p>
</section>
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<h1 id="cpu-vs-gpu">CPU vs <strong>GPU</strong></h1>
<p>Reminders</p>
<blockquote>
<p><em>There's a freaking supercomputer in your browser,<br />
and nobody seems to have noticed!</em></p>
</blockquote>
<p><a href="https://vimeo.com/97329154">Steve Sanderson</a></p>
</section>
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</foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-paginate="true" data-theme="gaia" lang="en-US" data-marpit-pagination="77" style="" data-marpit-pagination-total="100" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"></section></foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-paginate="true" data-background-color="white" data-footer="www.thebookofshaders.com" data-theme="gaia" lang="en-US" data-marpit-pagination="78" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:white;--footer:www.thebookofshaders.com;--theme:gaia;background-color:white;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="100" data-marpit-advanced-background="background"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="vertical"><figure style="background-image:url("https://thebookofshaders.com/01/00.jpeg");background-size:contain;"></figure><figure style="background-image:url("https://thebookofshaders.com/01/03.jpeg");background-size:contain;"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="78" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="white" data-footer="www.thebookofshaders.com" data-theme="gaia" lang="en-US" data-marpit-pagination="78" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:white;--footer:www.thebookofshaders.com;--theme:gaia;background-color:white;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="100" data-marpit-advanced-background="content">
<p>CPU<br />
</p>
<footer>www.thebookofshaders.com</footer>
</section>
</foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-paginate="true" data-background-color="white" data-footer="www.thebookofshaders.com" data-theme="gaia" lang="en-US" data-marpit-pagination="78" style="" data-marpit-pagination-total="100" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"></section></foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-paginate="true" data-background-color="white" data-footer="www.thebookofshaders.com" data-theme="gaia" lang="en-US" data-marpit-pagination="79" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:white;--footer:www.thebookofshaders.com;--theme:gaia;background-color:white;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="100" data-marpit-advanced-background="background"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url("https://thebookofshaders.com/01/04.jpeg");background-size:contain;"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="79" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="white" data-footer="www.thebookofshaders.com" data-theme="gaia" lang="en-US" data-marpit-pagination="79" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:white;--footer:www.thebookofshaders.com;--theme:gaia;background-color:white;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="100" data-marpit-advanced-background="content">
<p>GPU</p>
<footer>www.thebookofshaders.com</footer>
</section>
</foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-paginate="true" data-background-color="white" data-footer="www.thebookofshaders.com" data-theme="gaia" lang="en-US" data-marpit-pagination="79" style="" data-marpit-pagination-total="100" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"></section></foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="80" data-paginate="true" data-theme="gaia" lang="en-US" data-marpit-pagination="80" style="--paginate:true;--theme:gaia;" data-marpit-pagination-total="100">
<h1 id="goal">Goal</h1>
<p>Send <strong>as much data as possible to the GPU</strong>, for <strong>fast</strong> processing</p>
<ul>
<li>"<strong>upload</strong>" (CPU <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="➡️" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/27a1.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> GPU) is <strong>slow</strong> <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="🐢" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/1f422.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/>
<ul>
<li>group data into <strong>buffers</strong> before transfer</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>GPU processing is very fast</strong>
<ul>
<li>using <strong>shaders</strong>
<ul>
<li>working in <strong>parallel</strong></li>
<li><strong>simple</strong> instructions</li>
<li><strong>compiled</strong> in native low-level GPU code</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h1 id="constraints">Constraints</h1>
<ul>
<li>Rendering is fast but "<strong>download</strong>" (CPU <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="⬅️" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/2b05.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> GPU) <strong><em>VERY</em> slow</strong> <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="🐌" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/1f40c.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></li>
<li><strong>Buffers are not flexible</strong> for <strong>dynamic</strong> data</li>
<li><strong>Arrays</strong> must be converted to <strong>textures</strong> (for <strong>GPGPU</strong>)
<ul>
<li><strong>conversion</strong> takes time especially for dynamic data</li>
<li>possible loss of <strong>accuracy</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Shaders are complex</strong> to write
<ul>
<li>pixels are <strong>isolated</strong>, processed in parallel, independently</li>
<li>instructions are <strong>limited</strong></li>
<li><strong>optimizing</strong> and <strong>debugging</strong> is not trivial!</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h1 id="cpu">CPU</h1>
</section>
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<h1 id="opengl-is-a-state-machine">OpenGL, is a <strong>state machine</strong></h1>
<p>Reminders</p>
</section>
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<h1 id="webgl-is-a-state-machine-too">WebGL is a <a href="https://webglfundamentals.org/webgl/lessons/resources/webgl-state-diagram.html">state machine</a> too!</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>data</strong> preparation
<ul>
<li>format, type, buffers...</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>global state</strong> preparation
<ul>
<li>color, blending...</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>rendering
<ul>
<li><strong>send to GPU</strong> for <strong>shader</strong> processing</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h1 id="opengl-pipeline">OpenGL <strong>Pipeline</strong></h1>
<p>Reminders</p>
</section>
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</foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-background-color="white" data-theme="gaia" lang="en-US" style="" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"></section></foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="89" data-class="lead" data-footer="https://webglfundamentals.org/webgl/lessons/resources/fragment-shader-anim.html" data-theme="gaia" lang="en-US" class="lead" style="--class:lead;--footer:https://webglfundamentals.org/webgl/lessons/resources/fragment-shader-anim.html;--theme:gaia;">
<h1 id="rasterization">Rasterization</h1>
<p><em>Interactive illustration</em></p>
<p><a href="https://webglfundamentals.org/webgl/lessons/webgl-how-it-works.html">WebGL Fundamentals</a></p>
<p>by<br />
<strong>Gregg Tavares</strong> (<a href="https://twitter.com/greggman">@greggman</a>)<br />
Chrome WebGL implementor</p>
<footer><a href="https://webglfundamentals.org/webgl/lessons/resources/fragment-shader-anim.html">https://webglfundamentals.org/webgl/lessons/resources/fragment-shader-anim.html</a></footer>
</section>
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<iframe style=
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</section>
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<h1 id="shaders-are-essential">Shaders are essential</h1>
<p>They allow to unleash the power of the GPU</p>
<ul>
<li>Shader code is <strong>fast</strong>
<ul>
<li><strong>thousands of specialized cores</strong> inside a GPU!</li>
<li>once the data and the compiled code have been sent to the GPU, the performance is the same regardless of thelanguage or API</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Rendering is <strong>flexible</strong>
<ul>
<li>the rendering pipeline was fixed, not programmable before 2001</li>
<li>"rendering" has been hijacked to perform fast parallel physics and machine learning computations on the GPU (<strong>GPGPU</strong>)</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h1 id="shader-programming-steps">Shader programming steps</h1>
<ul>
<li>the application sends to the GPU:
<ul>
<li><strong>buffers</strong> (vertices, normals, connectivity info...) and <strong>textures</strong></li>
<li><strong>shaders</strong> to compile and run</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>vertex shaders are called once per vertex</strong> <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="⭐" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/2b50.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></li>
<li>each primitive (point, line, triangle) is converted to fragments(<em>rasterization</em>)</li>
<li><s>pixel</s> <strong>fragment shaders are called once per fragment</strong> <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="⭐" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/2b50.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/>
<ul>
<li>their inputs (color, depth, normal) have been previously <a href="https://webglfundamentals.org/webgl/lessons/webgl-how-it-works.html"><strong>interpolated</strong> using the points defining the primitive</a>!</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h1 id="from-the-triangle-to-the-pixel">From the triangle to the pixel</h1>
<p><em>Interactive illustration</em></p>
<p><a href="https://acko.net/files/fullfrontal/fullfrontal/webglmath/shaders.html"><strong>Making WebGL Dance</strong><br />
</a><br />
by<br />
<strong>Steven Wittens</strong></p>
<footer><a href="https://acko.net/files/fullfrontal/fullfrontal/webglmath/shaders.html">https://acko.net/files/fullfrontal/fullfrontal/webglmath/shaders.html</a></footer>
</section>
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</section>
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<h1 id="glsl-shader-programming-language">GLSL: Shader Programming Language</h1>
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>variable types</strong> <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="⭐" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/2b50.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>uniform</strong>: <strong>input</strong>, sent by the app, <strong>constant</strong> in the shader code</li>
<li><strong>attribute</strong>: <strong>input</strong> of the vertex shader, sent by the app: <strong>data of the vertex buffer</strong>, <strong>varies per vertex</strong></li>
<li><strong>varying</strong>: <strong>output</strong> of the vertex shader / <strong>input</strong> of the fragment shader</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>functions</strong>: C language dialect</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>GLSL for WebGL 1.0, cf <a href="https://www.khronos.org/files/webgl/webgl-reference-card-1_0.pdf">page 3</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>GLSL pour WebGL 2.0: version OpenGL ES 3.0, cf <a href="https://www.khronos.org/files/webgl20-reference-guide.pdf">page 8</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h1 id="webgl-1">WebGL</h1>
<p><strong>Let's code!</strong></p>
</section>
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<h1 id="break"><strong>BREAK</strong></h1>
<h1 id="30-%E2%8C%9B">30' <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="⌛" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/231b.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></h1>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="99" data-paginate="true" data-class="lead invert" data-theme="gaia" lang="en-US" class="lead invert" data-marpit-pagination="99" style="--paginate:true;--class:lead invert;--theme:gaia;" data-marpit-pagination-total="100">
<h1 id="appendices">Appendices</h1>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="100" data-paginate="true" data-theme="gaia" lang="en-US" data-marpit-pagination="100" style="--paginate:true;--theme:gaia;" data-marpit-pagination-total="100">
<ul>
<li>WebGL History</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://web.eecs.umich.edu/~sugih/courses/eecs487/lectures/20-History+ES+WebGL.pdf">https://web.eecs.umich.edu/~sugih/courses/eecs487/lectures/20-History+ES+WebGL.pdf</a></p>
<ul>
<li>WebGL 2 Course</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://perso.univ-rennes1.fr/pierre.nerzic/IAI2/IMR2%20-%20Synth%C3%A8se%20d%27images%20-%20CM2.pdf">https://perso.univ-rennes1.fr/pierre.nerzic/IAI2/IMR2 - Synthèse d'images - CM2.pdf</a></p>
<ul>
<li>Tools for analyzing, debugging, checking and dumping WebGL</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://github.com/greggman/webgl-helpers#webgl-gl-error-checkjs">https://github.com/greggman/webgl-helpers#webgl-gl-error-checkjs</a></p>
</section>
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</script></foreignObject></svg></div><div class="bespoke-marp-note" data-index="0" tabindex="0"><p>960px preview</p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p></div><div class="bespoke-marp-note" data-index="1" tabindex="0"><p><!-- _footer: cover art : "Chill the lion" by Karim Maaloul https://codepen.io/Yakudoo/details/YXxmYR/</p><p><!-- _footer: image de couverture: https://versum.xyz/token/versum/4130</p></div><div class="bespoke-marp-note" data-index="2" tabindex="0"><p># </p></div><div class="bespoke-marp-note" data-index="4" tabindex="0"><p></p><p></p></div><div class="bespoke-marp-note" data-index="9" tabindex="0"><p></p></div><div class="bespoke-marp-note" data-index="10" tabindex="0"><p></p><p></p></div><div class="bespoke-marp-note" data-index="33" tabindex="0"><p>source: https://web.eecs.umich.edu/~sugih/courses/eecs487/lectures/20-History+ES+WebGL.pdf</p></div><div class="bespoke-marp-note" data-index="37" tabindex="0"><p></p></div><div class="bespoke-marp-note" data-index="40" tabindex="0"><p>WebGL stack</p></div><div class="bespoke-marp-note" data-index="92" tabindex="0"><p></p></div><script>/*!! License: https://unpkg.com/@marp-team/marp-cli@3.4.0/lib/bespoke.js.LICENSE.txt */
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