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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,height=device-height,initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><style>@media screen{body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button,body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container button,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container button{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none;background-color:initial;border:0;color:inherit;cursor:pointer;font-size:inherit;opacity:.8;outline:none;padding:0;transition:opacity .2s linear}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button:disabled,body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button:disabled,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container button:disabled,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container button:disabled{cursor:not-allowed;opacity:.15!important}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button:hover,body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button:hover,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container button:hover,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container button:hover{opacity:1}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button:hover:active,body[data-bespoke-view=next] 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slide">Next slide</button><button data-bespoke-marp-osc="fullscreen" tabindex="-1" title="Toggle fullscreen (f)">Toggle fullscreen</button><button data-bespoke-marp-osc="presenter" tabindex="-1" title="Open presenter view (p)">Open presenter view</button></div><div id="p"><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-class="invert" data-theme="gaia" class="invert" style="--class:invert;--theme:gaia;" data-marpit-advanced-background="background"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url("https://ipfs.io/ipfs/Qmb8ayrfFzwyMQr4p5ru6V5bLD7v3qodxjnRWvmeAy5SD9");background-size:100%;"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="1" data-class="invert" data-theme="gaia" class="invert" style="--class:invert;--theme:gaia;" data-marpit-advanced-background="content">
<h1><strong>Création d'applications 3D</strong></h1>
<h2><strong>en utilisant les technologies du Web</strong></h2>
<p>Fivos Doganis | <a href="mailto:fivos.doganis@gmail.com">fivos.doganis@gmail.com</a></p>
</section>
</foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-class="invert" data-theme="gaia" class="invert" style="" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"></section></foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="2" data-footer="image de couverture: https://teia.art/objkt/627718" data-theme="gaia" style="--footer:image de couverture: https://teia.art/objkt/627718;--theme:gaia;">
<h1>Intérêt du Web pour la 3D</h1>
<ul>
<li>expériences <strong>mobiles</strong></li>
<li>technologies <strong>libres</strong>
<ul>
<li><strong>cross-platform</strong>, pas d'installation, pas de store</li>
<li>ouvertes</li>
<li><strong>non-propiétaires</strong> (contrairement à Unity ou Unreal)</li>
<li><strong>gratuites</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>interfaçage avec de nombreuses APIs web existantes</li>
</ul>
<footer>image de couverture: <a href="https://teia.art/objkt/627718">https://teia.art/objkt/627718</a></footer>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="3" data-paginate="true" data-theme="gaia" data-marpit-pagination="3" data-marpit-pagination-total="102" style="--paginate:true;--theme:gaia;">
<h1>Etapes</h1>
<ul>
<li>Run</li>
<li>Debug</li>
<li>Build</li>
<li>Modify</li>
<li>Create</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="4" data-paginate="true" data-theme="gaia" data-marpit-pagination="4" data-marpit-pagination-total="102" style="--paginate:true;--theme:gaia;">
<h1>Run: Demo</h1>
<ul>
<li>Vérifier que votre smartphone supporte le scan de <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_code">QR code</a></li>
<li>iOS : app Camera par défault</li>
<li>Android
<ul>
<li>utiliser Google Chrome + bouton scan</li>
<li>ou installer une application fiable de scan de QR code comme <strong><a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.trendmicro.qrscan">Trend Micro</a></strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Solutions 100% web
<ul>
<li>webqr.com</li>
<li>qrcodescan.in</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="5" data-paginate="true" data-theme="gaia" data-marpit-pagination="5" data-marpit-pagination-total="102" style="--paginate:true;--theme:gaia;">
<h1>Debug</h1>
<ul>
<li>There will be bugs :)</li>
<li>F12</li>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/debugger"><code>debugger</code> statement</a></li>
<li>Tips:
<ul>
<li><a href="https://webglfundamentals.org/webgl/lessons/webgl-setup-and-installation.html">https://webglfundamentals.org/webgl/lessons/webgl-setup-and-installation.html</a></li>
<li><a href="https://threejs.org/manual/en/debugging-javascript.html">https://threejs.org/manual/en/debugging-javascript.html</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.khronos.org/webgl/wiki/Debugging">https://www.khronos.org/webgl/wiki/Debugging</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="6" data-paginate="true" data-theme="gaia" data-marpit-pagination="6" data-marpit-pagination-total="102" style="--paginate:true;--theme:gaia;">
<h1>Build: outils</h1>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Développement web</p>
<ul>
<li>navigateur (Firefox, Chrome, Safari Mobile)</li>
<li>Git (facultatif mais très utile)</li>
<li>éditeur (VSCode), ou <a href="https://glitch.com/">Glitch</a> (aucune installation!)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Technologies: HTML, JS, CSS, WebGL, THREE.js</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Optionnel:</p>
<ul>
<li>OpenStreetMap, OpenLayers, CesiumJS, <a href="https://geoservices.ign.fr/documentation/diffusion/telechargement-donnees-libres.html">Géoservices IGN</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="7" data-paginate="true" data-theme="gaia" data-marpit-pagination="7" data-marpit-pagination-total="102" style="--paginate:true;--theme:gaia;">
<h1>Installation du navigateur</h1>
<ul>
<li>Firefox installé par défaut
<ul>
<li>devrait suffir!</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Chrome
<ul>
<li>pour tester la compatibilité et certaines fonctionnalités</li>
<li>installer la dernière version (97+) sur mobile</li>
<li>installer Chromium sur desktop
<ul>
<li>version open-source sans services propriétaires</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-bash">sudo apt-get install chromium-browser
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="8" data-paginate="true" data-theme="gaia" data-marpit-pagination="8" data-marpit-pagination-total="102" style="--paginate:true;--theme:gaia;">
<h1>Installation de Git</h1>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code>sudo apt-get install git
git config --global user.name "myusername"
git config --global user.email myname@mymailprovider.com
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="9" data-paginate="true" data-theme="gaia" data-marpit-pagination="9" data-marpit-pagination-total="102" style="--paginate:true;--theme:gaia;">
<h1><a href="https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-install-visual-studio-code-on-ubuntu-18-04/">Installation de l'éditeur VSCode</a></h1>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-bash">sudo apt update
sudo apt install software-properties-common apt-transport-https wget
wget -q https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add -
sudo add-apt-repository <span class="hljs-string">"deb [arch=amd64] https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/vscode stable main"</span>
sudo apt install code
</code></pre>
<p><a href="https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/452020/">Supprimer les warnings GPG</a></p>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code>sudo gpgconf --kill dirmngr
sudo chown -R $USER:$USER ~/.gnupg
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="10" data-paginate="true" data-theme="gaia" data-marpit-pagination="10" data-marpit-pagination-total="102" style="--paginate:true;--theme:gaia;">
<h1>Customisation</h1>
<ul>
<li>Eviter clignottement de la UI en modifiant les préférences:</li>
</ul>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-bash"><span class="hljs-built_in">set</span> window.titleBarStyle to custom
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>Extensions conseillées
<ul>
<li><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=yandeu.five-server">Five Server</a></li>
<li><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=mhutchie.git-graph">Git Graph</a></li>
<li><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=cesium.gltf-vscode">glTF Tools</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/racz16/WebGL-GLSL-Editor">WebGL GLSL Editor</a>,</li>
<li><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=circledev.glsl-canvas">glsl-canvas</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="11" data-paginate="true" data-theme="gaia" data-marpit-pagination="11" data-marpit-pagination-total="102" style="--paginate:true;--theme:gaia;">
<h1>Développement en local</h1>
<ul>
<li>Impossible de charger un fichier depuis le disque sans action utilisateur</li>
<li>CORS: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/fr/docs/Web/HTTP/CORS">Cross Origin Resource Sharing</a>
<ul>
<li>une des nombreuses mesures de sécurité des navigateurs web</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="➡️" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/twitter/twemoji@14.0.2/assets/svg/27a1.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> nécessité de lancer un serveur, comme <a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=yandeu.five-server">Five Server</a>, ou encore:</p>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash"><span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> /home/somedir</span>
<span class="hljs-meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">python -m SimpleHTTPServer</span>
</code></pre>
<p>Puis aller sur <code>http://localhost:8000</code></p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="12" data-paginate="true" data-theme="gaia" data-marpit-pagination="12" data-marpit-pagination-total="102" style="--paginate:true;--theme:gaia;">
<h1>Glitch: éditeur interactif en ligne</h1>
<p><img src="https://aws1.discourse-cdn.com/business6/uploads/glitch/original/2X/6/63bf00cd3adcc2f2d9ee808d52941634f26e01bc.png" alt="" /></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://glitch.com/">https://glitch.com/</a></li>
<li><a href="https://glitch.com/~threejs">Exemple THREE.js</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Mais aussi Codepen.io, Repl.it etc.</p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="13" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert lead" data-theme="gaia" class="invert lead" data-marpit-pagination="13" data-marpit-pagination-total="102" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert lead;--theme:gaia;">
<h1>Exercices WebGL</h1>
<ul>
<li>webglacademy</li>
<li>webglfundamentals</li>
<li>webgl2fundamentals</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="14" data-paginate="true" data-theme="gaia" data-marpit-pagination="14" data-marpit-pagination-total="102" style="--paginate:true;--theme:gaia;">
<h1>Vérifier que WebGL est supporté</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://caniuse.com/webgl">https://caniuse.com/webgl</a></li>
<li><a href="https://webglreport.com/">https://webglreport.com/</a></li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="15" data-paginate="true" data-theme="gaia" data-marpit-pagination="15" data-marpit-pagination-total="102" style="--paginate:true;--theme:gaia;">
<p><strong>Programme minimaliste</strong>: permet de tester que WebGL fonctionne<br />
<img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="⚠️" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/twitter/twemoji@14.0.2/assets/svg/26a0.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> <strong>aucun test d'erreur</strong>, pour plus de clarté (<em>don't do this at home!</em> <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="😉" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/twitter/twemoji@14.0.2/assets/svg/1f609.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/>)</p>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-html"><span class="hljs-meta"><!DOCTYPE <span class="hljs-keyword">html</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">html</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">head</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">meta</span> <span class="hljs-attr">charset</span>=<span class="hljs-string">'utf-8'</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">head</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">body</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">canvas</span> <span class="hljs-attr">width</span>=<span class="hljs-string">'640'</span> <span class="hljs-attr">height</span>=<span class="hljs-string">'480'</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">script</span>></span><span class="language-javascript">
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> canvas = <span class="hljs-variable language_">document</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">querySelector</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'canvas'</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">/** <span class="hljs-doctag">@type</span> {<span class="hljs-type">WebGLRenderingContext</span>} */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> gl = canvas.<span class="hljs-title function_">getContext</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'webgl'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// instead of '2d'</span>
gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">clearColor</span>(<span class="hljs-number">1.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1.</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// RGBA: opaque red</span>
gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">clear</span>(gl.<span class="hljs-property">COLOR_BUFFER_BIT</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// uses current color (state machine)</span>
</span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">script</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">body</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">html</span>></span>
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="16" data-theme="gaia" style="--theme:gaia;"><iframe style=
"position: absolute;
top: 110px;
bottom: 110px;
left: 320px;
right: 320px;
width:100%;
height: 100%;
border: 0;" srcdoc ="
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset='utf-8'>
</head>
<body>
<canvas width='640' height='480'></canvas>
<script>
const canvas = document.querySelector('canvas');
const gl = canvas.getContext('webgl');
gl.clearColor(1., 0., 0., 1.);
gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
</script>
</body>
</html>" >
</iframe>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-paginate="true" data-theme="gaia" data-marpit-pagination="17" data-marpit-pagination-total="102" style="--paginate:true;--theme:gaia;" data-marpit-advanced-background="background"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url("https://webglfundamentals.org/webgl/lessons/resources/webglfundamentals-webgl-state-diagram.jpg");background-size:contain;"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="17" data-paginate="true" data-theme="gaia" data-marpit-pagination="17" data-marpit-pagination-total="102" style="--paginate:true;--theme:gaia;" data-marpit-advanced-background="content">
<p><a href="https://webglfundamentals.org/webgl/lessons/resources/webgl-state-diagram.html?exampleId=smallest#no-help">Etats</a></p>
</section>
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<p><a href="https://webglfundamentals.org/webgl/lessons/webgl-smallest-programs.html"><strong>Programme minimaliste "utile"</strong></a>: des shaders, sans vertex buffer</p>
<p>Ajouter ce code à la suite de <code>gl.clear</code>:</p>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-javascript"> <span class="hljs-comment">// vertex shader</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> vs_source = <span class="hljs-string">`
void main() {
gl_Position = vec4(0., 0., 0., 1.); // center
gl_PointSize = 120.0;
}`</span>;
<span class="hljs-comment">// fragment shader</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> fs_source = <span class="hljs-string">`
precision mediump float;
void main() {
gl_FragColor = vec4(0., 1., 0., 1.); // green
}`</span>;
</code></pre>
</section>
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<p>Suite du code: <a href="https://github.com/gfxfundamentals/webgl-fundamentals/blob/master/webgl/resources/webgl-utils.js">fonctions utiles</a> (toujours sans test d'erreur!)</p>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-javascript"> <span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">buildShader</span>(<span class="hljs-params">gl, shaderSource, shaderType</span>) {
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> shader = gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">createShader</span>(shaderType); <span class="hljs-comment">// Create the shader object</span>
gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">shaderSource</span>(shader, shaderSource); <span class="hljs-comment">// Load the shader source</span>
gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">compileShader</span>(shader); <span class="hljs-comment">// Compile the shader</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> shader;
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">createProgram</span>(<span class="hljs-params">gl, shaders</span>) {
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> program = gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">createProgram</span>();
shaders.<span class="hljs-title function_">forEach</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">function</span>(<span class="hljs-params">shader</span>) {
gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">attachShader</span>(program, shader);
});
gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">linkProgram</span>(program);
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> program;
}
</code></pre>
</section>
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<p>Suite et fin du code: chargement des shaders, du programme et rendu</p>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-javascript">
<span class="hljs-comment">// load and compile the shaders</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> vs = <span class="hljs-title function_">buildShader</span>(gl, vs_source, gl.<span class="hljs-property">VERTEX_SHADER</span>);
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> fs = <span class="hljs-title function_">buildShader</span>(gl, fs_source, gl.<span class="hljs-property">FRAGMENT_SHADER</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Create program on the GPU!</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> program = <span class="hljs-title function_">createProgram</span>(gl, [vs, fs]);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Set current program (WebGL is a state machine!)</span>
gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">useProgram</span>(program);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Draw 1 big point, see shaders </span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> offset = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> count = <span class="hljs-number">1</span>;
gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">drawArrays</span>(gl.<span class="hljs-property">POINTS</span>, offset, count);
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="21" data-theme="gaia" style="--theme:gaia;"><iframe style=
"position: absolute;
top: 110px;
bottom: 110px;
left: 320px;
right: 320px;
width:100%;
height: 100%;
border: 0;" srcdoc ="
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset='utf-8'>
</head>
<body>
<canvas width='640' height='480'></canvas>
<script>
const canvas = document.querySelector('canvas');
const gl = canvas.getContext('webgl'); // instead of '2d'
gl.clearColor(1., 0., 0., 1.0);
gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
// vertex shader
const vs_source = `
void main() {
gl_Position = vec4(0., 0., 0., 1.); // center
gl_PointSize = 120.0;
}`;
// fragment shader
const fs_source = `
precision mediump float;
void main() {
gl_FragColor = vec4(0., 1., 0., 1.); // green
}`;
function buildShader(gl, shaderSource, shaderType) {
const shader = gl.createShader(shaderType); // Create the shader object
gl.shaderSource(shader, shaderSource); // Load the shader source
gl.compileShader(shader); // Compile the shader
return shader;
}
function createProgram(gl, shaders) {
const program = gl.createProgram();
shaders.forEach(function(shader) {
gl.attachShader(program, shader);
});
gl.linkProgram(program);
return program;
}
// load and compile the shaders
const vs = buildShader(gl, vs_source, gl.VERTEX_SHADER);
const fs = buildShader(gl, fs_source, gl.FRAGMENT_SHADER);
// setup GLSL program
const program = createProgram(gl, [vs, fs]);
gl.useProgram(program);
// Draw 1 big point, see shaders
const offset = 0;
const count = 1;
gl.drawArrays(gl.POINTS, offset, count);
</script>
</body>
</html>" >
</iframe>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-paginate="true" data-theme="gaia" data-marpit-pagination="22" data-marpit-pagination-total="102" style="--paginate:true;--theme:gaia;" data-marpit-advanced-background="background"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url("https://webglfundamentals.org/webgl/lessons/resources/webglfundamentals-webgl-state-diagram.jpg");background-size:contain;"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="22" data-paginate="true" data-theme="gaia" data-marpit-pagination="22" data-marpit-pagination-total="102" style="--paginate:true;--theme:gaia;" data-marpit-advanced-background="content">
<p><a href="https://webglfundamentals.org/webgl/lessons/resources/webgl-state-diagram.html?exampleId=smallest-glsl#no-help">Etats</a></p>
</section>
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</foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-background-color="#000000" data-class="lead invert" data-theme="gaia" class="lead invert" style="" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"></section></foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-background-color="#000000" data-class="lead invert" data-theme="gaia" class="lead invert" style="--background-color:#000000;--class:lead invert;--theme:gaia;background-color:#000000;background-image:none;" data-marpit-advanced-background="background"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url("http://webglworkshop.com/presentations/images/showme.jpg");background-size:contain;"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="24" data-background-color="#000000" data-class="lead invert" data-theme="gaia" class="lead invert" style="--background-color:#000000;--class:lead invert;--theme:gaia;background-color:#000000;background-image:none;" data-marpit-advanced-background="content"></section>
</foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-background-color="#000000" data-class="lead invert" data-theme="gaia" class="lead invert" style="" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"></section></foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-class="lead" data-theme="gaia" class="lead" style="--class:lead;--theme:gaia;" data-marpit-advanced-background="background"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url("http://webglworkshop.com/presentations/images/result.gif");background-size:contain;"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="25" data-class="lead" data-theme="gaia" class="lead" style="--class:lead;--theme:gaia;" data-marpit-advanced-background="content"></section>
</foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-class="lead" data-theme="gaia" class="lead" style="" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"></section></foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="26" data-paginate="true" data-class="lead invert" data-theme="gaia" class="lead invert" data-marpit-pagination="26" data-marpit-pagination-total="102" style="--paginate:true;--class:lead invert;--theme:gaia;">
<h1><a href="http://webglworkshop.com/presentations/Workshop28-webgl2.html">Mon premier triangle</a></h1>
<p>voir <a href="https://webglfundamentals.org/webgl/lessons/webgl-fundamentals.html">webglfundamentals</a></p>
</section>
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<h1>Initialisation</h1>
</section>
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<h2>1 . Data</h2>
</section>
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<ul>
<li>Description de la géométrie, avec des <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Float32Array">Float32Array</a></li>
</ul>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> vertices = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Float32Array</span>([
<span class="hljs-number">0.5</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.5</span>,
-<span class="hljs-number">0.5</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.5</span>,
-<span class="hljs-number">0.5</span>, -<span class="hljs-number">0.5</span>]); <span class="hljs-comment">// 2D points: 3 * (x, y) coordinates </span>
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>Création du Vertex Buffer Object (VBO) + <strong>UPLOAD</strong> vers le GPU</li>
</ul>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> vbo = gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">createBuffer</span>(); <span class="hljs-comment">// create Vertex Buffer Object (VBO) id</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// Set current VBO: bind 'vbo' to the ARRAY_BUFFER bind point,</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// a global variable internal to WebGL (state machine!)</span>
gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">bindBuffer</span>(gl.<span class="hljs-property">ARRAY_BUFFER</span>, vbo);
<span class="hljs-comment">// UPLOAD current VBO to GPU, where it will be processed by the shaders</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// <span class="hljs-doctag">NOTE:</span> STATIC_DRAW: hint for WebGL: our data won't change</span>
gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">bufferData</span>(gl.<span class="hljs-property">ARRAY_BUFFER</span>, vertices, gl.<span class="hljs-property">STATIC_DRAW</span>);
</code></pre>
</section>
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<h2>2 . Shaders</h2>
<p>qui utilisent les données du buffer</p>
</section>
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<ul>
<li>Vertex Shader: gl_Position sera utilisée par le fragment shader</li>
</ul>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-glsl"> <span class="hljs-keyword">attribute</span> <span class="hljs-type">vec2</span> a_position; <span class="hljs-comment">// IN, from buffer: 2D point</span>
<span class="hljs-type">void</span> main() {
<span class="hljs-built_in">gl_Position</span> = <span class="hljs-type">vec4</span>(a_position, <span class="hljs-number">0.0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1.0</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// a_position.x, a_position.y, 0, 1, used by the fragment shader</span>
}
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>Fragment Shader</li>
</ul>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-glsl"> <span class="hljs-keyword">precision</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">mediump</span> <span class="hljs-type">float</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">// float accuracy: lowp, mediump, highp</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">uniform</span> <span class="hljs-type">vec4</span> u_color; <span class="hljs-comment">// UNIFORM == CONSTANT for entire shader program</span>
<span class="hljs-type">void</span> main() {
<span class="hljs-built_in">gl_FragColor</span> = u_color; <span class="hljs-comment">// final framebuffer color: RGBA</span>
}
</code></pre>
<footer><a href="https://webglfundamentals.org/webgl/lessons/webgl-precision-issues.html">https://webglfundamentals.org/webgl/lessons/webgl-precision-issues.html</a>)</footer>
</section>
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<h1>Détection des erreurs de compilation</h1>
<p>À appeler avant glUseProgram, optionnel mais bien utile <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="😉" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/twitter/twemoji@14.0.2/assets/svg/1f609.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></p>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">checkShaders</span>(<span class="hljs-params">gl, vs, fs, program</span>) {
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (!gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">getShaderParameter</span>(vs, gl.<span class="hljs-property">COMPILE_STATUS</span>))
<span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">error</span>(gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">getShaderInfoLog</span>(vs));
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (!gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">getShaderParameter</span>(fs, gl.<span class="hljs-property">COMPILE_STATUS</span>))
<span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">error</span>(gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">getShaderInfoLog</span>(fs));
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (!gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">getProgramParameter</span>(program, gl.<span class="hljs-property">LINK_STATUS</span>))
<span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">error</span>(gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">getProgramInfoLog</span>(program));
}
</code></pre>
</section>
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<h2>3 . Connexion entre Buffer et Shaders</h2>
</section>
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<ul>
<li>
<p>Récupération des variables utilisées dans les shaders</p>
<ul>
<li>appel potentiellement coûteux</li>
<li>à effectuer à l'initialisation</li>
<li>sera utilisé lors du rendu</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="⚠️" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/twitter/twemoji@14.0.2/assets/svg/26a0.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> respecter le même nom que celui défini dans le shader</p>
<ul>
<li>nom arbitraire, choisi par le développeur!</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="hljs-comment">// Retrieve 'u_color' shader UNIFORM variable as an id</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> u_colorLoc = gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">getUniformLocation</span>(program, <span class="hljs-string">'u_color'</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Retrieve 'a_position' shader ATTRIBUTE variable as an id</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> a_positionLoc = gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">getAttribLocation</span>(program, <span class="hljs-string">'a_position'</span>);
</code></pre>
</section>
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<h2>4 . Rendu!</h2>
<p>Les buffers, les shaders sont en place, il faut encore:</p>
<ul>
<li>définir des états</li>
<li>décrire le layout du buffer (souvent complexe!)</li>
<li>donner des instructions pour dessiner la scène</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-javascript"> gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">clearColor</span>(<span class="hljs-number">0.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1.</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// Set current clear color (black)</span>
gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">clear</span>(gl.<span class="hljs-property">COLOR_BUFFER_BIT</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// Clear the canvas to current color</span>
gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">useProgram</span>(program); <span class="hljs-comment">// Set current program (pair of shaders)</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// Set the color (constant triangle color, see shader)</span>
gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">uniform4fv</span>(u_colorLoc, [<span class="hljs-number">1.0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1.0</span>]);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Tell WebGL how to take data from the VBO</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// and supply it to the attribute in the shader.</span>
gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">enableVertexAttribArray</span>(a_positionLoc); <span class="hljs-comment">// Turn the attribute on</span>
gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">bindBuffer</span>(gl.<span class="hljs-property">ARRAY_BUFFER</span>, vbo); <span class="hljs-comment">// set current vbo</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// Tell the attribute how to get data out of positionBuffer</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// (ARRAY_BUFFER)</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> size = <span class="hljs-number">2</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">// 2 components per iteration</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> type = gl.<span class="hljs-property">FLOAT</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">// the data is 32bit floats</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> normalize = <span class="hljs-literal">false</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">// don't normalize the data</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// stride: 0 = move forward size * sizeof(type) each iteration</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// to get the next position</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> stride = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> offset = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">// start at the beginning of the buffer</span>
gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">vertexAttribPointer</span>(a_positionLoc, size, type, normalize, stride, offset);
</code></pre>
<footer><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebGLRenderingContext/vertexAttribPointer">https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebGLRenderingContext/vertexAttribPointer</a></footer>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="37" data-paginate="true" data-theme="gaia" data-marpit-pagination="37" data-marpit-pagination-total="102" style="--paginate:true;--theme:gaia;">
<ul>
<li>Rendu, avec <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebGLRenderingContext/drawArrays">drawArrays</a></li>
</ul>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-javascript"> <span class="hljs-comment">// primitiveType == gl.TRIANGLES:</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// each time our vertex shader is run 3 times,</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// WebGL will draw a triangle</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// based on the 3 values we set gl_Position to (see shader)</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> primitiveType = gl.<span class="hljs-property">TRIANGLES</span>;
<span class="hljs-comment">// Start index of the first vertex</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// Must be a valid multiple of the size of the given type.</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> startIndex = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>;
<span class="hljs-comment">// Execute our vertex shader 3 times,</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// using 2 elements from the array (see size 2 above)</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// setting a_position.x and a_position.y</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> count = <span class="hljs-number">3</span>;
gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">drawArrays</span>(primitiveType, startIndex, count);
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="38" data-class="lead" data-theme="gaia" class="lead" style="--class:lead;--theme:gaia;"><iframe style=
"position: absolute;
top: 110px;
bottom: 110px;
left: 320px;
right: 320px;
width:100%;
height: 100%;
border: 0;" srcdoc ="
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset='utf-8'>
</head>
<body>
<canvas width='640' height='480'></canvas>
<script>
const canvas = document.querySelector('canvas');
const gl = canvas.getContext('webgl'); // instead of '2d'
gl.clearColor(0., 0., 0., 1.0);
gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
// vertex shader
const vs_source = `
attribute vec2 a_position; // in, from buffer: 2D point
void main() {
gl_Position = vec4(a_position, 0.0, 1.0); // a_position.x, a_position.y, 0, 1
}
`;
// fragment shader
const fs_source = `
precision mediump float; // float accuracy: lowp, mediump, highp
uniform vec4 u_color; // UNIFORM == CONSTANT for entire shader program
void main() {
gl_FragColor = u_color; // final framebuffer color: RGBA
}
`;
function buildShader(gl, shaderSource, shaderType) {
const shader = gl.createShader(shaderType); // Create the shader object
gl.shaderSource(shader, shaderSource); // Load the shader source
gl.compileShader(shader); // Compile the shader
return shader;
}
function createProgram(gl, shaders) {
const program = gl.createProgram();
shaders.forEach(function(shader) {
gl.attachShader(program, shader);
});
gl.linkProgram(program);
return program;
}
// load and compile the shaders
const vs = buildShader(gl, vs_source, gl.VERTEX_SHADER);
const fs = buildShader(gl, fs_source, gl.FRAGMENT_SHADER);
// setup GLSL program
const program = createProgram(gl, [vs, fs]);
function checkShaders(gl, vs, fs, program) {
if (!gl.getShaderParameter(vs, gl.COMPILE_STATUS)) {
console.error(gl.getShaderInfoLog(vs));
}
if (!gl.getShaderParameter(fs, gl.COMPILE_STATUS)) {
console.error(gl.getShaderInfoLog(fs));
}
if (!gl.getProgramParameter(program, gl.LINK_STATUS)) {
console.error(gl.getProgramInfoLog(program));
}
}
checkShaders(gl, vs, fs, program);
const vertices = new Float32Array([
0.5, 0.5,
-0.5, 0.5,
-0.5, -0.5]); // 2D points: 3 * (x, y) coordinates
const vbo = gl.createBuffer(); // create Vertex Buffer Object (VBO) id
gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo); // set current VBO (WebGL is a state machine!)
// UPLOAD current VBO to GPU,
// where it will be processed by the shaders
// NOTE: STATIC_DRAW: hint for WebGL: our data won't change
gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, vertices, gl.STATIC_DRAW);
// Retrieve 'u_color' shader UNIFORM variable as an id
const u_colorLoc = gl.getUniformLocation(program, 'u_color');
// Retrieve 'a_position' shader ATTRIBUTE variable as an id
const a_positionLoc = gl.getAttribLocation(program, 'a_position');
gl.clearColor(0., 0., 0., 1.); // Set current clear color (black)
gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); // Clear the canvas to current color
gl.useProgram(program); // Set current program (pair of shaders)
// Set the color (constant triangle color, see shader)
gl.uniform4fv(u_colorLoc, [1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]);
// Tell WebGL how to take data from the VBO
// and supply it to the attribute in the shader.
gl.enableVertexAttribArray(a_positionLoc); // Turn the attribute on
gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo); // set current vbo
// Tell the attribute how to get data out of positionBuffer
// (ARRAY_BUFFER)
const size = 2; // 2 components per iteration
const type = gl.FLOAT; // the data is 32bit floats
const normalize = false; // don't normalize the data
// stride: 0 = move forward size * sizeof(type) each iteration
// to get the next position
const stride = 0;
const offset = 0; // start at the beginning of the buffer
gl.vertexAttribPointer(a_positionLoc, size, type, normalize, stride, offset);
// primitiveType == gl.TRIANGLES:
// each time our vertex shader is run 3 times,
// WebGL will draw a triangle
// based on the 3 values we set gl_Position to (see shader)
const primitiveType = gl.TRIANGLES;
// Start index of the first vertex
const startIndex = 0;
// Execute our vertex shader 3 times,
// using 2 elements from the array (see size 2 above)
// setting a_position.x and a_position.y
const count = 3;
gl.drawArrays(primitiveType, startIndex, count);
</script>
</body>
</html>" >
</iframe>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-paginate="true" data-theme="gaia" data-marpit-pagination="39" data-marpit-pagination-total="102" style="--paginate:true;--theme:gaia;" data-marpit-advanced-background="background"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url("https://webglfundamentals.org/webgl/lessons/resources/webglfundamentals-webgl-state-diagram.jpg");background-size:contain;"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="39" data-paginate="true" data-theme="gaia" data-marpit-pagination="39" data-marpit-pagination-total="102" style="--paginate:true;--theme:gaia;" data-marpit-advanced-background="content">
<p><a href="https://webglfundamentals.org/webgl/lessons/resources/webgl-state-diagram.html?exampleId=rainbow-triangle#no-help">Etats</a></p>
</section>
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<h1>Presque!</h1>
<p>Il faut ajouter une couleur par vertex<br />
au lieu de la couleur de type <code>uniform</code><br />
cf. <a href="https://webglfundamentals.org/webgl/lessons/webgl-how-it-works.html">webglfundamentals</a></p>
</section>
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<h2>1 . Data</h2>
<p>on ajoute un attribut de couleur par vertex<br />
avec un nouveau tableau, et un nouveau buffer!</p>
</section>
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<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-javascript"> <span class="hljs-comment">// 2D points: 3 * (x, y) coordinates </span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// (sqrt(3) / 2 - 0.5) * 640 / 480 == 0.4880338..</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> vertices = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Float32Array</span>([-<span class="hljs-number">0.75</span>, -<span class="hljs-number">0.5</span>,
<span class="hljs-number">0.75</span>, -<span class="hljs-number">0.5</span>,
<span class="hljs-number">0.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.49</span>]);
<span class="hljs-comment">// create Vertex Buffer Object (VBO) id</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> vertexBuffer = gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">createBuffer</span>();
<span class="hljs-comment">// set current VBO (WebGL is a state machine!)</span>
gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">bindBuffer</span>(gl.<span class="hljs-property">ARRAY_BUFFER</span>, vertexBuffer);
<span class="hljs-comment">// UPLOAD vertexBuffer VBO to GPU,</span>
gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">bufferData</span>(gl.<span class="hljs-property">ARRAY_BUFFER</span>, vertices, gl.<span class="hljs-property">STATIC_DRAW</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// ** NEW **</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// RGB colors: 3 * (r, g, b, a) values</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> colors = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Float32Array</span>([ <span class="hljs-number">1.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1.</span>,
<span class="hljs-number">0.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1.</span>,
<span class="hljs-number">0.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1.</span>]);
<span class="hljs-comment">// create Vertex Buffer Object (VBO) id</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> colorBuffer = gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">createBuffer</span>();
<span class="hljs-comment">// set current VBO (WebGL is a state machine!)</span>
gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">bindBuffer</span>(gl.<span class="hljs-property">ARRAY_BUFFER</span>, colorBuffer);
<span class="hljs-comment">// UPLOAD colorBuffer VBO to GPU,</span>
gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">bufferData</span>(gl.<span class="hljs-property">ARRAY_BUFFER</span>, colors, gl.<span class="hljs-property">STATIC_DRAW</span>);
</code></pre>
</section>
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<h2>2 . Shaders</h2>
<p>on utilise le nouvel attribut de couleur, que l'on nomme <code>a_color</code><br />
(ou <code>mapetitecouleurparvertex</code> mais ça fait moins pro)</p>
</section>
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<ul>
<li>Vertex Shader: nouvelle variable de type <code>varying</code></li>
</ul>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-glsl"> <span class="hljs-keyword">attribute</span> <span class="hljs-type">vec2</span> a_position; <span class="hljs-comment">// IN, from buffer: 2D point</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">attribute</span> <span class="hljs-type">vec3</span> a_color; <span class="hljs-comment">// IN, from buffer: RGB color</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">varying</span> <span class="hljs-type">vec3</span> v_color; <span class="hljs-comment">// OUT, to fragment shader</span>
<span class="hljs-type">void</span> main() {
v_color = a_color; <span class="hljs-comment">// color passthrough, sent to fragment shader</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in">gl_Position</span> = <span class="hljs-type">vec4</span>(a_position, <span class="hljs-number">0.0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1.0</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// used by the fragment shader</span>
}
</code></pre>
</section>
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<ul>
<li>Fragment Shader</li>
</ul>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-glsl"> <span class="hljs-keyword">precision</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">mediump</span> <span class="hljs-type">float</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">// float accuracy: lowp, mediump, highp</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">varying</span> <span class="hljs-type">vec3</span> v_color; <span class="hljs-comment">// IN, INTERPOLATED color from vertex shader</span>
<span class="hljs-type">void</span> main() {
<span class="hljs-built_in">gl_FragColor</span> = <span class="hljs-type">vec4</span>(v_color, <span class="hljs-number">1.</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// final framebuffer color: RGBA</span>
}
</code></pre>
</section>
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<h2>3 . Connexion entre Buffers et Shaders</h2>
</section>
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<ul>
<li>
<p>Récupération des variables utilisées dans les shaders</p>
<ul>
<li>appel potentiellement coûteux</li>
<li>à effectuer à l'initialisation</li>
<li>seront utilisées lors du rendu</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="⚠️" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/twitter/twemoji@14.0.2/assets/svg/26a0.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> respecter les noms définis dans le shader</p>
</li>
</ul>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-javascript">
<span class="hljs-comment">// Retrieve 'a_color' shader ATTRIBUTE variable as an id</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> a_colorLoc = gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">getAttribLocation</span>(program, <span class="hljs-string">'a_color'</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Retrieve 'a_position' shader ATTRIBUTE variable as an id</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> a_positionLoc = gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">getAttribLocation</span>(program, <span class="hljs-string">'a_position'</span>);
</code></pre>
</section>
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<h2>4 . Rendu!</h2>
<p>Les buffers, les shaders sont en place, reste à:</p>
<ul>
<li>définir des états</li>
<li>décrire le layout du buffer</li>
<li>donner des instructions pour dessiner la scène</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-javascript"> gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">clearColor</span>(<span class="hljs-number">0.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1.</span>);
gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">clear</span>(gl.<span class="hljs-property">COLOR_BUFFER_BIT</span>);
gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">useProgram</span>(program); <span class="hljs-comment">// Set current program</span>
{
<span class="hljs-comment">// Turn the attribute on</span>
gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">enableVertexAttribArray</span>(a_positionLoc);
gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">bindBuffer</span>(gl.<span class="hljs-property">ARRAY_BUFFER</span>, vertexBuffer); <span class="hljs-comment">// set current vbo</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// Tell the attribute how to get data out of positionBuffer</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// (ARRAY_BUFFER)</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> size = <span class="hljs-number">2</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">// 2 components per iteration</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> type = gl.<span class="hljs-property">FLOAT</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">// the data is 32bit floats</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> normalize = <span class="hljs-literal">false</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">// don't normalize the data</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// stride: 0 = move forward size * sizeof(type) each iteration</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// to get the next position</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> stride = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> offset = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">// start at the beginning of the buffer</span>
gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">vertexAttribPointer</span>(a_positionLoc, size, type, normalize, stride, offset);
}
</code></pre>
</section>
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<ul>
<li>Mêmes étapes pour le colorBuffer<br />
NOTE: Refactoring! Dans la vraie vie on évite de se répéter: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t_repeat_yourself">DRY</a></li>
</ul>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-javascript">{
<span class="hljs-comment">// Tell WebGL how to take data from the VBO</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// and supply it to the attribute in the shader.</span>
gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">enableVertexAttribArray</span>(a_colorLoc); <span class="hljs-comment">// Turn the attribute on</span>
gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">bindBuffer</span>(gl.<span class="hljs-property">ARRAY_BUFFER</span>, colorBuffer);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Tell the color attribute how to get data out of colorBuffer (ARRAY_BUFFER)</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> size = <span class="hljs-number">4</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">// <span class="hljs-doctag">NOTE:</span> 4 components per iteration</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> type = gl.<span class="hljs-property">FLOAT</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">// the data is 32bit floats</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> normalize = <span class="hljs-literal">false</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">// don't normalize the data</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// stride: 0 = move forward size * sizeof(type) each iteration</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// to get the next position</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> stride = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> offset = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">// start at the beginning of the buffer</span>
gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">vertexAttribPointer</span>( a_colorLoc, size, type, normalize, stride, offset);
}
</code></pre>
</section>
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<ul>
<li>Rendu: code inchangé!</li>
</ul>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-javascript"> <span class="hljs-comment">// primitiveType == gl.TRIANGLES:</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// each time our vertex shader is run 3 times,</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// WebGL will draw a triangle</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// based on the 3 values we set gl_Position to (see shader)</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> primitiveType = gl.<span class="hljs-property">TRIANGLES</span>;
<span class="hljs-comment">// Start index of the first vertex</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// Must be a valid multiple of the size of the given type.</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> startIndex = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>;
<span class="hljs-comment">// Execute our vertex shader 3 times,</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// using 2 elements from the array (see size 2 above)</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// setting a_position.x and a_position.y</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> count = <span class="hljs-number">3</span>;
gl.<span class="hljs-title function_">drawArrays</span>(primitiveType, startIndex, count);
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="52" data-theme="gaia" style="--theme:gaia;"><iframe style=
"position: absolute;
top: 110px;
bottom: 110px;
left: 320px;
right: 320px;
width:100%;
height: 100%;
border: 0;" srcdoc ="
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset='utf-8'>
</head>
<body>
<canvas width='640' height='480'></canvas>
<script>
const canvas = document.querySelector('canvas');
const gl = canvas.getContext('webgl'); // instead of '2d'
gl.clearColor(0., 0., 0., 1.0);
gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
// vertex shader
const vs_source = `
attribute vec2 a_position; // IN, from buffer: 2D point
attribute vec3 a_color; // IN, from buffer: RGB color
varying vec3 v_color; // OUT, to fragment shader
void main() {
v_color = a_color; // color passthrough, sent to fragment shader
gl_Position = vec4(a_position, 0.0, 1.0); // used by the fragment shader
}
`;
// fragment shader
const fs_source = `
precision mediump float; // float accuracy: lowp, mediump, highp
varying vec3 v_color; // IN, INTERPOLATED color from vertex shader
void main() {
gl_FragColor = vec4(v_color, 1.); // final framebuffer color: RGBA
}
`;
function buildShader(gl, shaderSource, shaderType) {
const shader = gl.createShader(shaderType); // Create the shader object
gl.shaderSource(shader, shaderSource); // Load the shader source
gl.compileShader(shader); // Compile the shader
return shader;
}
function createProgram(gl, shaders) {
const program = gl.createProgram();
shaders.forEach(function(shader) {
gl.attachShader(program, shader);
});
gl.linkProgram(program);
return program;
}
// load and compile the shaders
const vs = buildShader(gl, vs_source, gl.VERTEX_SHADER);
const fs = buildShader(gl, fs_source, gl.FRAGMENT_SHADER);
// setup GLSL program
const program = createProgram(gl, [vs, fs]);
function checkShaders(gl, vs, fs, program) {
if (!gl.getShaderParameter(vs, gl.COMPILE_STATUS)) {
console.error(gl.getShaderInfoLog(vs));
}
if (!gl.getShaderParameter(fs, gl.COMPILE_STATUS)) {
console.error(gl.getShaderInfoLog(fs));
}
if (!gl.getProgramParameter(program, gl.LINK_STATUS)) {
console.error(gl.getProgramInfoLog(program));
}
}
checkShaders(gl, vs, fs, program);
// 2D points: 3 * (x, y) coordinates
const vertices = new Float32Array([-0.5, -0.5,
0.5, -0.5,
0., 0.49]);
// create Vertex Buffer Object (VBO) id
const vertexBuffer = gl.createBuffer();
// set current VBO (WebGL is a state machine!)
gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexBuffer);
// UPLOAD vertexBuffer VBO to GPU,
gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, vertices, gl.STATIC_DRAW);
// ** NEW **
// RGB colors: 3 * (r, g, b) values
const colors = new Float32Array([ 1., 0., 0., 1.,
0., 1., 0., 1.,
0., 0., 1., 1.]);
// create Vertex Buffer Object (VBO) id
// create Vertex Buffer Object (VBO) id
const colorBuffer = gl.createBuffer();
// set current VBO (WebGL is a state machine!)
gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, colorBuffer);
// UPLOAD colorBuffer VBO to GPU,
gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, colors, gl.STATIC_DRAW);
// Retrieve 'a_color' shader ATTRIBUTE variable as an id
const a_colorLoc = gl.getAttribLocation(program, 'a_color');
// Retrieve 'a_position' shader ATTRIBUTE variable as an id
const a_positionLoc = gl.getAttribLocation(program, 'a_position');
gl.clearColor(0., 0., 0., 1.);
gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
gl.useProgram(program); // Set current program
{
// Turn the attribute on
gl.enableVertexAttribArray(a_positionLoc);
gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexBuffer); // set current vbo
// Tell the attribute how to get data out of positionBuffer
// (ARRAY_BUFFER)
const size = 2; // 2 components per iteration
const type = gl.FLOAT; // the data is 32bit floats
const normalize = false; // don't normalize the data
// stride: 0 = move forward size * sizeof(type) each iteration
// to get the next position
const stride = 0;
const offset = 0; // start at the beginning of the buffer
gl.vertexAttribPointer(
a_positionLoc, size, type, normalize, stride, offset);
}
{
// Tell WebGL how to take data from the VBO
// and supply it to the attribute in the shader.
gl.enableVertexAttribArray(a_colorLoc); // Turn the attribute on
gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, colorBuffer);
// Tell the color attribute how to get data out of colorBuffer (ARRAY_BUFFER)
var size = 4; // 4 components per iteration
var type = gl.FLOAT; // the data is 32bit floats
var normalize = false; // don't normalize the data
// stride: 0 = move forward size * sizeof(type) each iteration
// to get the next position
var stride = 0;
var offset = 0; // start at the beginning of the buffer
gl.vertexAttribPointer( a_colorLoc, size, type, normalize, stride, offset);
}
// primitiveType == gl.TRIANGLES:
// each time our vertex shader is run 3 times,
// WebGL will draw a triangle
// based on the 3 values we set gl_Position to (see shader)
const primitiveType = gl.TRIANGLES;
// Start index of the first vertex
const startIndex = 0;
// Execute our vertex shader 3 times,
// using 2 elements from the array (see size 2 above)
// setting a_position.x and a_position.y
const count = 3;
gl.drawArrays(primitiveType, startIndex, count);
</script>
</body>
</html> ">
</iframe>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-paginate="true" data-theme="gaia" data-marpit-pagination="53" data-marpit-pagination-total="102" style="--paginate:true;--theme:gaia;" data-marpit-advanced-background="background"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url("https://webglfundamentals.org/webgl/lessons/resources/webglfundamentals-webgl-state-diagram.jpg");background-size:contain;"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="53" data-paginate="true" data-theme="gaia" data-marpit-pagination="53" data-marpit-pagination-total="102" style="--paginate:true;--theme:gaia;" data-marpit-advanced-background="content">
<p><a href="https://webglfundamentals.org/webgl/lessons/resources/webgl-state-diagram.html?exampleId=rainbow-triangle#no-help">Etats</a></p>
</section>
</foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-paginate="true" data-theme="gaia" data-marpit-pagination="53" data-marpit-pagination-total="102" style="" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"></section></foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="54" data-class="lead invert" data-theme="gaia" class="lead invert" style="--class:lead invert;--theme:gaia;">
<h1><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="💪" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/twitter/twemoji@14.0.2/assets/svg/1f4aa.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="😎" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/twitter/twemoji@14.0.2/assets/svg/1f60e.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="🎉" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/twitter/twemoji@14.0.2/assets/svg/1f389.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></h1>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="55" data-paginate="true" data-class="lead invert" data-theme="gaia" class="lead invert" data-marpit-pagination="55" data-marpit-pagination-total="102" style="--paginate:true;--class:lead invert;--theme:gaia;">
<h1>Variantes</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.webglacademy.com/courses.php?courses=0_1_20_2_3_4_23_5_6_7_10#1">Un seul buffer entrelacé</a>, et indexé + gl.DrawElements</li>
<li>est-ce vraiment une <a href="https://www.khronos.org/opengl/wiki/Vertex_Specification_Best_Practices">optimisation</a>?</li>
<li>version <a href="https://webgl2fundamentals.org/webgl/lessons/webgl-fundamentals.html">WebGL 2</a></li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-paginate="true" data-theme="gaia" data-marpit-pagination="56" data-marpit-pagination-total="102" style="--paginate:true;--theme:gaia;" data-marpit-advanced-background="background"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url("https://io7m.com/documents/history-vertex-spec/dist/va_ptr.png");background-size:contain;"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="56" data-paginate="true" data-theme="gaia" data-marpit-pagination="56" data-marpit-pagination-total="102" style="--paginate:true;--theme:gaia;" data-marpit-advanced-background="content"></section>
</foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-paginate="true" data-theme="gaia" data-marpit-pagination="56" data-marpit-pagination-total="102" style="" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"></section></foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="57" data-paginate="true" data-theme="gaia" data-marpit-pagination="57" data-marpit-pagination-total="102" style="--paginate:true;--theme:gaia;">
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-javascript"> <span class="hljs-comment">// POINTS : position + color</span>