Static analysis: Using $this in a static method should show an error

fixtures/diagnostics/baselines/this_in_method.php

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+<?php
+
+class Foo
+{
+    public function bar()
+    {
+        return $this;
+    }
+}

fixtures/diagnostics/errors/this_in_function.php

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?php
+
+function foo()
+{
+    return $this;
+}

fixtures/diagnostics/errors/this_in_root.php

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<?php
+
+echo $this;

fixtures/diagnostics/errors/this_in_static_method.php

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+<?php
+
+class Foo
+{
+    public static function bar()
+    {
+        return $this;
+    }
+}

src/TreeAnalyzer.php

@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ public function __construct(PhpParser\Parser $parser, string $content, DocBlockF
      */
     private function collectDiagnostics($node)
     {
+        // Get errors from the parser.
         if (($error = PhpParser\DiagnosticsProvider::checkDiagnostics($node)) !== null) {
             $range = PhpParser\PositionUtilities::getRangeFromPosition($error->start, $error->length, $this->sourceFileNode->fileContents);
 
@@ -92,6 +93,24 @@ private function collectDiagnostics($node)
                 'php'
             );
         }
+
+        // Check for invalid usage of $this.
+        if ($node instanceof Node\Expression\Variable && $node->getName() === 'this') {
+            // Find the first ancestor that's a class method. Return an error
+            // if there is none, or if the method is static.
+            $method = $node->getFirstAncestor(Node\MethodDeclaration::class);
+            if ($method === null || $method->isStatic()) {
+                $this->diagnostics[] = new Diagnostic(
+                    $method === null
+                        ? "\$this can only be used in an object context."
+                        : "\$this can not be used in static methods.",
+                    Range::fromNode($node),
+                    null,
+                    DiagnosticSeverity::ERROR,
+                    'php'
+                );
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     /**

tests/Diagnostics/InvalidThisUsageTest.php

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+<?php
+declare(strict_types = 1);
+
+namespace LanguageServer\Tests\Diagnostics;
+
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+use phpDocumentor\Reflection\DocBlockFactory;
+use LanguageServer\{
+    DefinitionResolver, TreeAnalyzer
+};
+use LanguageServer\Index\{Index};
+use LanguageServer\Protocol\{
+    Diagnostic, DiagnosticSeverity, Position, Range
+};
+use function LanguageServer\pathToUri;
+use Microsoft\PhpParser\Parser;
+
+class InvalidThisUsageTest extends TestCase
+{
+    /**
+     * Parse the given file and return diagnostics.
+     *
+     * @param string $path
+     * @return Diagnostic[]
+     */
+    private function collectDiagnostics(string $path): array
+    {
+        $uri = pathToUri($path);
+        $parser = new Parser();
+
+        $docBlockFactory = DocBlockFactory::createInstance();
+        $index = new Index;
+        $definitionResolver = new DefinitionResolver($index);
+        $content = file_get_contents($path);
+
+        $treeAnalyzer = new TreeAnalyzer($parser, $content, $docBlockFactory, $definitionResolver, $uri);
+        return $treeAnalyzer->getDiagnostics();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Assertions about a diagnostic.
+     *
+     * @param Diagnostic|null $diagnostic
+     * @param int $message
+     * @param string $severity
+     * @param Range $range
+     */
+    private function assertDiagnostic($diagnostic, $message, $severity, $range)
+    {
+        $this->assertInstanceOf(Diagnostic::class, $diagnostic);
+        $this->assertEquals($message, $diagnostic->message);
+        $this->assertEquals($severity, $diagnostic->severity);
+        $this->assertEquals($range, $diagnostic->range);
+    }
+
+    public function testThisInStaticMethodProducesError()
+    {
+        $diagnostics = $this->collectDiagnostics(
+            __DIR__ . '/../../fixtures/diagnostics/errors/this_in_static_method.php'
+        );
+
+        $this->assertCount(1, $diagnostics);
+        $this->assertDiagnostic(
+            $diagnostics[0],
+            '$this can not be used in static methods.',
+            DiagnosticSeverity::ERROR,
+            new Range(
+                new Position(6, 15),
+                new Position(6, 20)
+            )
+        );
+    }
+
+    public function testThisInFunctionProducesError()
+    {
+        $diagnostics = $this->collectDiagnostics(
+            __DIR__ . '/../../fixtures/diagnostics/errors/this_in_function.php'
+        );
+
+        $this->assertCount(1, $diagnostics);
+        $this->assertDiagnostic(
+            $diagnostics[0],
+            '$this can only be used in an object context.',
+            DiagnosticSeverity::ERROR,
+            new Range(
+                new Position(4, 11),
+                new Position(4, 16)
+            )
+        );
+    }
+
+    public function testThisInRoot()
+    {
+        $diagnostics = $this->collectDiagnostics(
+            __DIR__ . '/../../fixtures/diagnostics/errors/this_in_root.php'
+        );
+
+        $this->assertCount(1, $diagnostics);
+        $this->assertDiagnostic(
+            $diagnostics[0],
+            '$this can only be used in an object context.',
+            DiagnosticSeverity::ERROR,
+            new Range(
+                new Position(2, 5),
+                new Position(2, 10)
+            )
+        );
+    }
+
+    public function testThisInMethodProducesNoError()
+    {
+        $diagnostics = $this->collectDiagnostics(
+            __DIR__ . '/../../fixtures/diagnostics/baselines/this_in_method.php'
+        );
+
+        $this->assertCount(0, $diagnostics);
+    }
+}