Colfer

Colfer is a binary serialization format optimized for speed and size.

The project's compiler colf(1) generates source code from schema definitions to marshal and unmarshall data structures.

This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain. The format is inspired by Protocol Buffer.

Language Support

• C, C99 compliant, C++11 compliant
• Go, a.k.a. golang
• Java, Android compatible
• JavaScript, a.k.a. ECMAScript, NodeJS compatible

Features

• Simple and straightforward in use
• No dependencies other than the core library
• Both faster and smaller than: Protocol Buffers, FlatBuffers and MessagePack
• Robust including size protection
• Maximum of 127 fields per data structure
• No support for enumerations
• Framed; suitable for concatenation/streaming

TODO's

• Rust and Python
• RMI (WIP)
• List type support for integers and timestamps
• Please share your experiences

Use

Download a prebuilt compiler or run go get -u github.com/pascaldekloe/colfer/cmd/colf to make one yourself. Without arguments the command prints its manual.

NAME
	colf — compile Colfer schemas

SYNOPSIS
	colf [ options ] language [ file ... ]

DESCRIPTION
	Generates source code for a language. The options are: C, Go,
	Java and JavaScript.
	The file operands specify the input. Directories are scanned for
	files with the colf extension. If file is absent, colf includes
	the working directory.
	A package can have multiple schema files.

OPTIONS
  -b directory
    	Use a specific destination base directory. (default ".")
  -f	Normalizes schemas on the fly.
  -l expression
    	Sets the default upper limit for the number of elements in a
    	list. The expression is applied to the target language under
    	the name ColferListMax. (default "64 * 1024")
  -p prefix
    	Adds a package prefix. Use slash as a separator when nesting.
  -s expression
    	Sets the default upper limit for serial byte sizes. The
    	expression is applied to the target language under the name
    	ColferSizeMax. (default "16 * 1024 * 1024")
  -v	Enables verbose reporting to the standard error.
  -x class
    	Makes all generated classes extend a super class. Use slash as
    	a package separator. Java only.

EXIT STATUS
	The command exits 0 on succes, 1 on compilation failure and 2
	when invoked without arguments.

EXAMPLES
	Compile ./io.colf with compact limits as C:

		colf -b src -s 2048 -l 96 C io.colf

	Compile ./api/*.colf in package com.example as Java:

		colf -p com/example -x com/example/Parent Java api

BUGS
	Report bugs at https://github.com/pascaldekloe/colfer/issues

SEE ALSO
	protoc(1)

It is recommended to commit the generated source code to the respective version control. Modern developers may disagree and use the Maven plugin.

<plugin>
	<groupId>net.quies.colfer</groupId>
	<artifactId>colfer-maven-plugin</artifactId>
	<version>1.10</version>
	<configuration>
		<packagePrefix>com/example</packagePrefix>
	</configuration>
</plugin>

Schema

Data structures are defined in .colf files. The format is quite conventional.

// Package demo offers a demonstration.
// These comment lines will end up in the generated code.
package demo

// Course is the grounds where the game of golf is played.
type course struct {
	ID    uint64
	name  text
	holes []hole
	image binary
	tags  []text
}

type hole struct {
	// Lat is the latitude of the cup.
	lat float64
	// Lon is the longitude of the cup.
	lon float64
	// Par is the difficulty index.
	par uint8
	// Water marks the presence of water.
	water bool
	// Sand marks the presence of sand.
	sand bool
}

See what the generated code looks like in C, Go, Java or JavaScript.

The following table shows how Colfer data types are applied per language.

Colfer	C	Go	Java	JavaScript
bool	char	bool	boolean	Boolean
uint8	uint8_t	uint8	byte †	Number
uint16	uint16_t	uint16	short †	Number
uint32	uint32_t	uint32	int †	Number
uint64	uint64_t	uint64	long †	Number ‡
int32	int32_t	int32	int	Number
int64	int64_t	int64	long	Number ‡
float32	float	float32	float	Number
float64	double	float64	double	Number
timestamp	2 × int_fast64_t	Time ††	Instant	Date + Number
text	const char*, size_t	string	String †‡	String †‡
binary	uint8_t*, size_t	[]byte	byte[]	Uint8Array
list	struct*, size_t	slice	array	Array

• † signed representation of unsigned data, i.e. may overflow to negative.
• ‡ range limited to (1 - 2⁵³, 2⁵³ - 1)
• †† timezone not preserved
• †‡ characters limited by UTF-16 (U+0000, U+10FFFF)

Lists may contain floating points, text, binaries or data structures.

Compatibility

Name changes do not affect the serialization format. Deprecated fields should be renamed to clearly discourage their use. For backwards compatibility new fields must be added to the end of colfer structs. Thus the number of fields can be seen as the schema version.

Performance

Colfer aims to be the fastest and the smallest format while still resilient to malicious input. See the benchmark wiki for a comparison. Suboptimal performance is treated like a bug.