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Pi Kubernetes Cluster. Homelab kubernetes cluster automated with Ansible and ArgoCD

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Pi Kubernetes Cluster

pi-cluster-1.0

K3S Kubernetes Cluster at home automated with Ansible and ArgoCD

This is an educational project to build a hybrid x86/ARM Kubernetes cluster at home, using Raspberry Pi and refurbished x86 mini PCs, learn to deploy basic kubernetes services and automate its deployment and configuration applying IaC (infrastructure as a code) and GitOps methodologies.

The entire process for creating this cluster at home, from cluster design and architecture to step-by-step manual configuration guides, has been documented and it is published in the project website: https://picluster.ricsanfre.com.

This repository contains all source code used to automate all manual tasks described in the documentation: Cloud-init's configuration files, Ansible's source code (playbooks/roles), and packaged Kubernetes applications (helm and kustomize) to be deployed using ArgoCD.

Since its deployment is completely automated, the cluster can be re-deployed in minutes as many times as needed for testing new cluster configurations, new software versions or just take you out of any mesh you could cause playing with the cluster.

Scope

The scope of this project is to build a hybrid x86/ARM kubernetes cluster at home, using low cost Raspeberry PIs and old refurbished mini PCs, and automate its deployment and configuration applying IaC (infrastructure as a code) and GitOps methodologies with tools like Ansible, cloud-init and Argo CD.

As part of the project, the goal is to use a lightweight Kubernetes flavor based on K3S and deploy cluster basic services such as: 1) distributed block storage for POD's persistent volumes, LongHorn, 2) backup/restore solution for the cluster, Velero and Restic, 3) service mesh architecture, Linkerd, and 4) observability platform based on metrics monitoring solution, Prometheus, logging and analytics solution, EFK+LG stack (Elasticsearch-Fluentd/Fluentbit-Kibana + Loki-Grafana), and distributed tracing solution, Tempo.

Technology Stack

The following picture shows the set of opensource solutions used so far in the cluster, which installation process has been documented and its deployment has been automated with Ansible/ArgoCD:

Name Description
Ansible Automate OS configuration, external services installation and k3s installation and bootstrapping
ArgoCD GitOps tool for deploying applications to Kubernetes
Cloud-init Automate OS initial installation
Ubuntu Cluster nodes OS
K3S Lightweight distribution of Kubernetes
containerd Container runtime integrated with K3S
Flannel Kubernetes Networking (CNI) integrated with K3S
CoreDNS Kubernetes DNS
HA Proxy Kubernetes API Load-balancer
Metal LB Load-balancer implementation for bare metal Kubernetes clusters
Ingress NGINX Kubernetes Ingress Controller
Traefik Kubernetes Ingress Controller (alternative)
Linkerd Kubernetes Service Mesh
Longhorn Kubernetes distributed block storage
Minio S3 Object Storage solution
Cert-manager TLS Certificates management
Hashicorp Vault Secrets Management solution
External Secrets Operator Sync Kubernetes Secrets from Hashicorp Vault
keycloak logo Keycloak Identity Access Management
oauth2-proxy logo OAuth2.0 Proxy OAuth2.0 Proxy
Velero Kubernetes Backup and Restore solution
Restic OS Backup and Restore solution
Prometheus Metrics monitoring and alerting
Fluentd Logs forwarding and distribution
Fluentbit Logs collection
Loki Logs aggregation
Elasticsearch Logs analytics
Kibana Logs analytics Dashboards
Tempo Distributed tracing monitoring
Grafana Monitoring Dashboards

External Resources and Services

Even whe the premise is to deploy all services in the kubernetes cluster, there is still a need for a few external services/resources. Below is a list of external resources/services and why we need them.

Cloud external services

Provider Resource Purpose
Letsencrypt TLS CA Authority Signed valid TLS certificates
IONOS DNS DNS and DNS-01 challenge for certificates

NOTE: These resources are optional, the homelab still works without them but it won't have trusted certificates

Alternatives:

  1. Use a private PKI (custom CA to sign certificates).

    Currently supported. Only minor changes are required. See details in Doc: Quick Start instructions.

  2. Use other DNS provider.

    Cert-manager / Certbot, which are the tools that automatically obtain certificates from Let's Encrypt, can be configured to use other DNS providers. It will need further modifications in the way cert-manager application is deployed (new providers and/or webhooks/plugins might be required).

    Currently only acme issuer (letsencytp) using IONOS as dns-01 challenge provider is configured. Check list of supported dns01 providers.

Self-hosted external services

There is another list of services that I have decided to run outside the kuberentes cluster selfhosting them..

External Service Resource Purpose
Minio S3 Object Store Cluster Backup
Hashicorp Vault Secrets Management Cluster secrets management

Minio backup servive is hosted in a VM running in Public Cloud, using Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) free tier.

Vault service is running in gateway node, since Vault kubernetes authentication method need access to Kuberentes API, I won't host Vault service in Public Cloud.

Cluster architecture and hardware

Home lab architecture, showed in the picture below, consist of a Kubernetes cluster of ARM (Rasbperry PI) and x86 (HP elitedesk 800 G3 mini PCs) nodes and a firewall, built with another Raspberry PI, to isolate cluster network from your home network.

See further details about the architecture and hardware in the documentation

Official Site

You can browse more information about Pi Cluster Project on https://picluster.ricsanfre.com/.

The content of this website and the source code to build it (Jekyll static based website) are also stored in this repo: /docs folder.

Usage

Check out the documentation Quick Start guide to know how to use and tweak cloud-init files (/cloud-init folder), Ansible playbooks (/ansible folder) and packaged Kubernetes applications ( /argocd folder) contained in this repository, so you can use in for your own homelab.

About the Project

This project was started in June 2021 by Ricardo Sanchez

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Pi Kubernetes Cluster. Homelab kubernetes cluster automated with Ansible and ArgoCD

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