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References

Publications

This is the bibliography containing the literature references for the implemented methods referenced from the Gammapy docs.

The best reference to TeV data analysis is Chapter 7 of Mathieu de Naurois's habilitation thesis.

Software references:

Glossary

Other related packages

Besides Gammapy, there are two other major open-source analysis packages (that we are aware of) for multi-mission gamma-ray likelihood analysis:

  • Gammalib /ctools is a C++ package with Python wrapper, similar to the Fermi-LAT ScienceTools, that to a large degree uses the same input data formats as Gammapy.
  • 3ML is a Python package that uses existing packages (e.g. the Fermi-LAT ScienceTools or the HAWC software) to deal with the data and IRFs and compute the likelihood for a given model.

So there is some overlap of Gammapy with other efforts, but as mentioned in about-overview the scope of Gammapy is larger. And also all packages are new and the implementations radically different, so that's a good thing when it comes to flexibility and the ability to cross-check results and methods.

Make sure to also check out the following packages that contain very useful functionality for gamma-ray astronomy:

  • Sherpa --- X-ray modeling and fitting package by the Chandra X-ray Center
  • ctapipe --- CTA Python pipeline experimental version
  • FermiPy --- Fermi-LAT science tools high-level Python interface by Matthew Wood
  • gammatools --- Python tools for Fermi-LAT gamma-ray data analysis by Matthew Wood
  • pointlike -- Fermi-LAT science tools alternative by Toby Burnett
  • naima --- an SED modeling and fitting package by Victor Zabalza
  • Gamera, Gappa --- a C++ gamma-ray source modeling package (SED, SNR model, Galactic population model) with a Python wrapper called Gappa by Joachim Hahn
  • FLaapLUC --- Fermi/LAT automatic aperture photometry Light C<->Urve pipeline by Jean-Philippe Lenain
  • http://voparis-cta-client.obspm.fr/ --- prototype web app for CTA data access / analysis, not open source.

Some other projects:

  • act-analysis --- Python scripts and Makefiles for some common gamma-ray data analysis tasks by Karl Kosack
  • VHEObserverTools --- tools to predict detectability at VHE by Jeremy Perkins
  • photon_simulator --- Python code to simulate X-ray observations
  • pycrflux --- Python module to plot cosmic-ray flux

Other useful packages

In addition to the packages mentioned in the last section and at install-dependencies, here's a few other Python packages you might find useful / interesting:

Albert2007

Albert et al. (2007), "Unfolding of differential energy spectra in the MAGIC experiment",

Berge2007

Berge et al. (2007), "Background modelling in very-high-energy gamma-ray astronomy"

CSV

comma-separated values; see also CSV_files.

Cash1979

Cash (1979), "Parameter estimation in astronomy through application of the likelihood ratio"

Cousins2007

Cousins et al. (2007), "Evaluation of three methods for calculating statistical significance when incorporating a systematic uncertainty into a test of the background-only hypothesis for a Poisson process"

FSSC2013

Fermi LAT Collaboration (2013) "Science Tools: LAT Data Analysis Tools"

Feldman1998

Feldman & Cousins (1998), "Unified approach to the classical statistical analysis of small signals"

Knoedlseder2012

Knödlseder et at. (2012) "GammaLib: A New Framework for the Analysis of Astronomical Gamma-Ray Data"

Lafferty1994

Lafferty & Wyatt (1994), "Where to stick your data points: The treatment of measurements within wide bins"

LiMa1983

Li & Ma (1983), "Analysis methods for results in gamma-ray astronomy"

MET

mission elapsed time; see also MET_definition in time_handling.

Mayer2015

Michael Mayer (2015) "Pulsar wind nebulae at high energies"

Meyer2010

Meyer et al. (2010), "The Crab Nebula as a standard candle in very high-energy astrophysics"

Naurois2012

de Naurois (2012), "Very High Energy astronomy from H.E.S.S. to CTA. Opening of a new astronomical window on the non-thermal Universe",

Piron2001

Piron et al. (2001), "Temporal and spectral gamma-ray properties of Mkn 421 above 250 GeV from CAT observations between 1996 and 2000",

RST

restructured text; the markup format used for documentation and docstrings. See here and here.

Raue2012

Raue (2012), "PyFACT: Python and FITS analysis for Cherenkov telescopes"

Robitaille2013

Robitaille et al. (2013) "Astropy: A community Python package for astronomy"

Rolke2005

Rolke et al. (2005), "Limits and confidence intervals in the presence of nuisance parameters",

Stewart2009

Stewart (2009), "Maximum-likelihood detection of sources among Poissonian noise"