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split up The Service Ontology
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nichtich committed Nov 19, 2013
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Expand Up @@ -39,7 +39,8 @@ interpreted as described in RFC 2119.
## Namespace and prefix

The URI namespace of Simple Service Status Ontology (SSSO) is
<http://purl.org/ontology/ssso#>. The namespace prefix `ssso` SHOULD be used.
[http://purl.org/ontology/ssso#](http://purl.org/ontology/ssso#).
The namespace prefix `ssso` SHOULD be used.
The URI of this ontology as a whole is <http://purl.org/ontology/ssso>.

The ontology is defined in RDF/Turtle as following:
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -70,6 +71,9 @@ The ontology is defined in RDF/Turtle as following:

[related ontologies]: #related-ontologies

The core class [ServiceEvent] is based on the class [service:Service] from the
[Service Ontology].

Several existing ontologies include classes to model events or activities.
Interconnections between these related ontologies, however, are rare. The
large number of similar classes may result from an inability of ontology
Expand All @@ -88,10 +92,12 @@ have been designed by someone else. The related ontologies are:

The following namespace prefixes are used to refer to related ontologies:

@prefix service: <http://purl.org/ontology/service#> .
@prefix crm: <http://purl.org/NET/cidoc-crm/core#> .
@prefix dctype: <http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/> .
@prefix dul: <http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DUL.owl#> .
@prefix event: <http://purl.org/ontology/c4dm/event.owl#> .
@prefix edm: <http://www.europeana.eu/schemas/edm/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix geo: <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#> .
@prefix gr: <http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#> .
Expand All @@ -106,35 +112,35 @@ The following namespace prefixes are used to refer to related ontologies:

A [ServiceEvent] according to SSSO is an event that is provided as product.
Examples of [ServiceEvent] and [ServiceFulfillment] include a particular
purchase of a product in a shop, a specific attendance at a performance, and
a certain lending of a book in a library. The event is an activity in time that
is typically provided by one or more [ServiceProvider] (e.g. a shop, presenter,
or library) and consumed by one or more [ServiceConsumer] (e.g. a customer,
attendee, or patron).
purchase of a product in a shop, a specific attendance at a performance, and a
certain lending of a book in a library. The event is an activity in time that
is typically provided by one or more [service:ServiceProvider] (e.g. a shop,
presenter, or library) and consumed by one or more [service:ServiceConsumer]
(e.g. a customer, attendee, or patron).

The following diagram illustrates the classes and properties defined in this
ontology:

``` {.ditaa}
nextService / previousService
------
| |
v v
+-----------------+ provides +--------------------+ consumedBy +-----------------+
| ServiceProvider |--------------->| ServiceEvent |--------------->| ServiceConsumer |
| |<---------------| |<---------------| |
+-----------------+ providedBy | ReservedService | consumes +-----------------+
| PreparedService |
| ProvidedService |
+------------+ limits | ExecutedService | delay
| Limitation |--------------->| RejectedService |-------------> duration-or-time
| |<---------------| |-------------> xsd:nonNegativeInteger
+------------+ limitedBy | ServiceFulfillment | queue
+-----^--------------+
| ^
| |
------
dcterms:hasPart / dcterms:partOf
nextService / previousService
------
| |
v v
+--------------------+
| ServiceEvent |
| |
| ReservedService |
| PreparedService |
| ProvidedService |
| ExecutedService |
| RejectedService |
| |
| ServiceFulfillment |
+-----^--------------+
| ^
| |
------
dcterms:hasPart / dcterms:partOf
```


Expand Down Expand Up @@ -170,18 +176,13 @@ all of these service status.
canceled contract.


## Service limitations

SSSO also defines the class [ServiceLimitation] and the properties [limits],
[limitedBy], [delay], and [queue] to express limitations of services.

## Service types

SSSO does not make any assumptions about types of services. To define service
types, define a subclass of [ServiceEvent]. The class [TimeTravel] is included
in SSSO as toy example of an artificial service type. See the [Document Service
Ontology](http://gbv.github.com/dso) (DSO) for more practical examples of
service types based on SSSO.
service types that can be used together with SSSO.

## Service times

Expand All @@ -204,10 +205,17 @@ Property values of service times SHOULD be modeled as instance of
MUST be equal to or earlier than the ending time of the same service event
(unless the service is an instance of [TimeTravel] and [ExecutedService]).

To express an estimated and additional time, SSSO defines the property [delay]
which can also hold a relative duration. Applications SHOULD NOT use this
property to relate a service event to its normal time, unless this time is
an additional constraint.
To express an estimated and additional time, the Service Ontology defines the
property [service:delay] which can also hold a relative duration. Applications
SHOULD NOT use this property to relate a service event to its normal time,
unless this time is an additional constraint.

<!-- TODO: use purl-URIs -->

[service:delay]: http://dini-ag-kim.github.io/service-ontology/service.html#delay
[service:Service]: http://dini-ag-kim.github.io/service-ontology/service.html#Service
[service:ServiceProvider]: http://dini-ag-kim.github.io/service-ontology/service.html#ServiceProvider
[service:ServiceConsumer]: http://dini-ag-kim.github.io/service-ontology/service.html#ServiceConsumer

## Service locations

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -263,9 +271,9 @@ Service locations are OPTIONAL and a service event MAY have multiple locations.

[ServiceEvent]: #ServiceEvent

A **service event** is both, an activity that takes places during a specific
time, and a kind of product or service. Several [related ontologies] define
more general event or activity classes:
A **service event** is a service (defined as [service:Service] in the [Service
Ontology] and also an activity that takes places during a specific time.
Several [related ontologies] define more general event or activity classes:

* [dctype:Event] in [Dublin Core Metadata Terms]
* [schema:Event] in [Schema.org Ontology]
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -300,8 +308,10 @@ class in addition to ServiceEvent.
ssso:ServiceEvent a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "ServiceEvent"@en ;
rdfs:subClassOf
service:Service ,
dctype:Event ,
event:Event ,
edm:Event ,
prov:Activity ,
lode:Event ,
dul:Event ,
Expand All @@ -313,9 +323,6 @@ class in addition to ServiceEvent.
gr:Individual ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy <> .

The event can be connected to one or more [ServiceProvider] with property
[providedBy] and to one or more [ServiceConsumer] with property [consumedBy].

## ServiceFulfillment

[ServiceFulfillment]: #servicefulfillment
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -411,46 +418,6 @@ followed by another service when the reason for rejection has been removed.
ssso:ProvidedService, ssso:ExecutedService ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy <> .

## ServiceProvider

[ServiceProvider]: #serviceprovider

A **service provider** is an entity that is responsible for providing a
[ServiceEvent]. Typical providers, such as organizations and people, are also
instances of [foaf:Agent] and [gr:BusinessEntity] but SSSO does not put any
constraints on the nature of providers.

ssso:ServiceProvider a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "ServiceProvider"@en ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy <> .

## ServiceConsumer

[ServiceConsumer]: #serviceconsumer

A **service consumer** is an entity that is requesting or consuming a
[ServiceEvent]. Typical consumers, such as organizations and people, are
instances of [foaf:Agent] and [gr:BusinessEntity] but SSSO does not put any
constraints on the nature of consumers.

ssso:ServiceConsumer a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "ServiceConsumer"@en ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy <> .

## ServiceLimitation

[ServiceLimitation]: #servicelimitation

A **service limitation** is some obstacle that may limit the use of a
[ServiceEvent]. For instance the purchase of guns and drugs is limited to
consumers with special permission. Another example is providing a different
product or activity than originally requested. Services and limitations are
connected to each other with properties [limits] and [limitedBy].

ssso:ServiceLimitation a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "ServiceLimitation"@en ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy <> .

## TimeTravel

[TimeTravel]: #timetravel
Expand All @@ -464,127 +431,6 @@ have been implemented in the future.

# Properties

## provides

[provides]: #provides

Relates a [ServiceProvider] instance that **provides** a [ServiceEvent]
instance to this service event.

ssso:provides a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "provides"@en ;
rdfs:domain ssso:ServiceProvider ;
rdfs:range ssso:ServiceEvent ;
owl:inverseOf ssso:providedBy ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy <> .

## providedBy

[providedBy]: #providedBy

Relates a [ServiceEvent] instance that is **provided by** a [ServiceProvider]
instance to this service provider.

ssso:providedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "providedBy"@en ;
rdfs:domain ssso:ServiceEvent ;
rdfs:range ssso:ServiceProvider ;
owl:inverseOf ssso:provides ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy <> .

## consumes

[consumes]: #consumes

Relates a [ServiceConsumer] instance that **consumes** a [ServiceEvent]
instance to this service event.

ssso:consumes a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "consumes"@en ;
rdfs:domain ssso:ServiceConsumer ;
rdfs:range ssso:ServiceEvent ;
owl:inverseOf ssso:consumedBy ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy <> .

## consumedBy

[consumedBy]: #consumedBy

Relates a [ServiceEvent] instance that is **consumed by** a [ServiceConsumer]
instance to this service consumer.

ssso:consumedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "consumedBy"@en ;
rdfs:domain ssso:ServiceEvent ;
rdfs:range ssso:ServiceConsumer ;
owl:inverseOf ssso:consumes ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy <> .

## limits

[limits]: #limits

Relates a [ServiceLimitation] instance that **limits** a [ServiceEvent]
instance to this service event.

ssso:limits a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "limits"@en ;
rdfs:domain ssso:ServiceLimitation ;
rdfs:range ssso:ServiceEvent ;
owl:inverseOf ssso:limitedBy ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy <> .

## limitedBy

[limitedBy]: #limitedBy

Relates a [ServiceEvent] instance that is **limited by** a [ServiceLimitation]
instance to this service limitation.

ssso:limitedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "limitedBy"@en ;
rdfs:domain ssso:ServiceEvent ;
rdfs:range ssso:ServiceLimitation ;
owl:inverseOf ssso:limits ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy <> .

## delay

[delay]: #delay

This property can be used to specify an **estimated period of time or a date**
when a delayed [ServiceEvent] is expected to take place. Applications SHOULD
use values in the range of [xsd:duration], [xsd:dateTime], [xsd:date], or the
special value "unknown" to indicate a significant delay of unknown duration.
The range may later be extended to a subset of Extended [Date/Time
Format](http://www.loc.gov/standards/datetime/) (EDTF).

ssso:delay a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:label "delay"@en ;
rdfs:domain ssso:ServiceEvent ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy <> .

[xsd:dateTime]: http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#dateTime
[xsd:date]: http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#date
[xsd:duration]: http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#duration

Applications SHOULD NOT use this property to specify a normal [Service
time](#service-time). An example of a service event with delay is a concert
that starts at an official time but there is a delay until band begins to play.

## queue

[queue]: #queue

This property can be used to indicate the **size of a waiting queue** for some
[ServiceEvent]. Its value MUST be a non-negative integer (0,1,2...).

ssso:queue a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:label "queue"@en ;
rdfs:domain ssso:ServiceEvent ;
rdfs:range xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy <> .

## nextService

[nextService]: #nextservice
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -619,6 +465,7 @@ service (unless one of the services is an instance of [TimeTravel] and
owl:inverseOf ssso:nextService ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy <> .

<!--
# Rules
The following inference rules apply:
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -653,7 +500,7 @@ The following inference rules apply:
# service fulfillment
{ $a a ssso:ServiceEvent . $b a ssso:ServiceEvent . $a dcterms:hasPart $b } => { $a a ssso:ServiceFulfillment } .
```

-->

# Relations to Schema.org and GoodRelations

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -723,6 +570,12 @@ In short, a [gr:Offering] refers to a *potential* [ServiceEvent] (and possibly
* **[RFC 2396]** T. Berners-Lee et al.: *Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax*.
August 1998 <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2396>.

* *The Service Ontology*.
(work in progress)
<http://dini-ag-kim.github.io/service-ontology/>.

[Service Ontology]: http://dini-ag-kim.github.io/service-ontology/

## Informative References

SSSO was motivated by the design of the following ontologies and specifications
Expand Down

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