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LED menorah with a shamash (helper candle) that is used to light the other candles

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Menorah555

Menorah555 is an LED menorah that uses flickering LEDs to simulate the candles. The shamash (helper candle) is removed and used to "light" the other candles.

Circuit:

The menorah is built around LEDs that look like standard 5-mm LEDs (T-1 3/4), but they actually have a chip inside that applies PWM to the LED to simulate a flickering flame. This means that no special driver circuitry is needed to create that effect. Thus, the circuit has no microcontroller in it.

The shamash "candle" has a single flickering LED driven with a super cap. The shamash board is a daughter board that can be unplugged, and the super cap will allow the LED to keep lit for a while. A current limiter circuit keeps the inrush current down so that charging the super cap does not cause the power supply to trip the current limit.

The "candle" lighting circuits are built around 555 timers. This could have been done with fewer parts in a number of ways, but the 555 was selected to silence the pundits that say, "it could have been done with a 555!" The 555 on each candle is used as a set-reset flip-flop. Another 555 timer is configured to provide a power-on reset to ensure that all LEDs (except for the shamash) are unlit when power is turned on. Triggering of the 555 to turn on the LED is done with a reed switch. The shamash PCB has a magnet mounted on it to trigger the reed switch and "light" the candle.

PCB

Schematic capture and PCB layout were done in KiCad 5.1.12. There is no problem fitting everything on the PCB because the size is dictated more by the aesthetics than the component size. In fact, the electrolytic capacitors selected are MUCH larger than necessary because they are part of the suggestion of a candle shape.

Base

The base of the menorah was designed in FreeCAD 0.19 and was designed to be made of acrylic or similar plastic and bent to the proper final shape. It's not always easy to be consistent in heat-bending acrylic, so it may be better to drill the mounting holes after bending. Otherwise, the base may not sit flat on a table.

Flame Diffusors

The flame diffusors were designed in FreeCAD and were meant to be FDM printed in transparent filament. The layer lines and in-fill will help to diffuse the light.

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LED menorah with a shamash (helper candle) that is used to light the other candles

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