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Merge pull request #1067 from smkerr/patch-1
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Update 02-spatial-data.Rmd
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Robinlovelace committed Feb 7, 2024
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Expand Up @@ -1069,7 +1069,7 @@ This has important consequences, as demonstrated in Section \@ref(reproj-geo-dat

The surface of the Earth in geographic coordinate reference systems is represented by a spherical or ellipsoidal surface.
Spherical models assume that the Earth is a perfect sphere of a given radius -- they have the advantage of simplicity but, at the same time, they are inaccurate as the Earth is not exactly a sphere.
Ellipsoidal models are slighly more accurate, and are defined by two parameters: the equatorial radius and the polar radius.
Ellipsoidal models are slightly more accurate, and are defined by two parameters: the equatorial radius and the polar radius.
These are suitable because the Earth is compressed: the equatorial radius is around 11.5 km longer than the polar radius [@maling_coordinate_1992].^[
The degree of compression is often referred to as *flattening*, defined in terms of the equatorial radius ($a$) and polar radius ($b$) as follows: $f = (a - b) / a$. The terms *ellipticity* and *compression* can also be used.
Because $f$ is a rather small value, digital ellipsoid models use the 'inverse flattening' ($rf = 1/f$) to define the Earth's compression.
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