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cookbooks/subduction_initiation/doc/subduction_initiation.md
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(sec:cookbooks:subd-init)= | ||
# Subduction initiation from Matsumoto and Tomoda (1983) | ||
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*This section was contributed by Cedric Thieulot.* | ||
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The setup for this experiment originates in {cite:t}`matsumoto:tomoda:1983`. | ||
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In this very early computational geodynamics paper the authors | ||
are interested in predicting the future process of crustal and lithospheric movement | ||
at the gigantic fracture zone in the Northeastern | ||
Pacific by means of numerical simulation | ||
of contact between two kinds of viscous fluid of different density. | ||
They then solve the incompressible isothermal linear Stokes equations | ||
with a stream function approach and the resulting equation is solved by means of the | ||
Finite Difference method and the Marker and Cell (MAC) method. | ||
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The domain is a 2D Cartesian box of size $L_x \times L_y=(400~\text{ km},180~\text{ km})$. | ||
There are three fluids in the domain: water ($\rho_w=1030~\text{ kg m}^{-3}$, $\eta_w=10^{-3}~\text{ Pa s}$), | ||
lithosphere ($\rho_l=3300~\text{ kg m}^{-3}$, $\eta_l$) and | ||
asthenosphere ($\rho_a=3200~\text{ kg m}^{-3}$, $\eta_a$). | ||
Note that although the water viscosity is correct, this is probably not | ||
the value that was used in the authors since it would most likely lead to | ||
numerical errors. We then set $\eta_w=10^{19}~\text{ Pa s}$ (we can then speak of 'sticky water'). | ||
Also, all viscosities in the paper | ||
are expressed in Poise with $1~\text{ Poise}=0.1~\text{ Pa s}$. | ||
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The setup is shown in {numref}`fig:subduction-initiation-setup` | ||
and the list of simulations run by the authors is in | ||
{numref}`tab:quickref`. | ||
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```{figure-md} fig:subduction-initiation-setup | ||
<img src="setup.*" width="70%" /> | ||
$D_w= 10~\text{ km}$, | ||
$D_l= 50~\text{ km}$, | ||
$d_w=8~\text{ km}$, | ||
$d_l=10~\text{ km}$. These values | ||
represent the easternmost part of the Mendocino | ||
Fracture Zone. | ||
Taken from {cite:t}`matsumoto:tomoda:1983`. | ||
``` | ||
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```{table} List of all cases | ||
:name: tab:quickref | ||
| Case | $\eta_l~(\text{ Pa s})$ | $\eta_a~(\text{ Pa s})$ | domain size (km)| | ||
| :------------------- | :-----------: | :------------: | :---------: | | ||
1 | $10^{22}$ | $10^{21}$ | $400\times 180$ | | ||
2 | $10^{22}$ | $10^{20}$ | $400\times 180$ | | ||
3 | $10^{22}$ | $10^{19}$ | $400\times 180$ | | ||
4 | $10^{23}$ | $10^{21}$ | $400\times 180$ | | ||
5 | $10^{22}$ | $10^{20}$ | $800\times 140$ | | ||
6 | $10^{22}$ | $10^{19}$ | $800\times 140$ | | ||
``` | ||
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Rather interestingly the model is built in such a way that the | ||
lithostatic pressure is uniform at the bottom of the domain. | ||
Models are run for 50 Myr. | ||
Boundary conditions are free-slip on all sides of the domain. | ||
Unfortunately the authors do not specify the mesh resolution that was used | ||
but {numref}`fig:subduction-initiation-results1` gives us an idea. | ||
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```{figure-md} fig:subduction-initiation-results1 | ||
<img src="results1.*" width="90%" /> | ||
Computer output of the result of Case 6(c). \# indicates a particle | ||
representing the material of older lithosphere, * is that of | ||
younger lithosphere, : is older asthenosphere and $\cdot$ is younger asthenosphere. | ||
Taken from {cite:t}`matsumoto:tomoda:1983`. | ||
``` | ||
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Two parameter files are provided for Case 1: one using | ||
compositional fields, and one using the particle-in-cell approach. | ||
Other cases can be run by changing the viscosities and/or the domain size accordingly in the | ||
parameter files. | ||
Results for Case 1 in the original publication are shown in {numref}`fig:subduction-initiation-results2` | ||
and results obtained in ASPECT are shown in {numref}`fig:subduction-initiation-results3`. | ||
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```{figure-md} fig:subduction-initiation-results2 | ||
<img src="results2.*" width="70%" /> | ||
Results of calculation in Case 1. (a) 0 Ma; (b) 12 Ma; (c) 21.4 Ma; (d) 30.7 Ma; (e) 46.7 Ma. | ||
Taken from {cite:t}`matsumoto:tomoda:1983`. | ||
``` | ||
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```{figure-md} fig:subduction-initiation-results3 | ||
<img src="results3.*" width="95%" /> | ||
Case 1 (obtained with the compositional fields approach) at | ||
(a) 0 Ma; (b) 12 Ma; (c) 21 Ma; (d) 31 Ma; (e) 41 Ma. | ||
``` |
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cookbooks/subduction_initiation/subduction_initiation_compositional_fields.prm
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#parameter file for replicating Matsumoto & Tomoda 1983 | ||
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set Dimension = 2 | ||
set Start time = 0 | ||
set End time = 50e6 | ||
set Use years in output instead of seconds = true | ||
set CFL number = 0.25 | ||
set Output directory = output-subduction-initiation-comp | ||
set Pressure normalization = surface | ||
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subsection Solver parameters | ||
subsection Stokes solver parameters | ||
set Number of cheap Stokes solver steps = 0 | ||
end | ||
end | ||
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subsection Geometry model | ||
set Model name = box | ||
subsection Box | ||
set X extent = 400e3 | ||
set Y extent = 180e3 | ||
set X repetitions = 2 | ||
end | ||
end | ||
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subsection Boundary velocity model | ||
set Tangential velocity boundary indicators = left, right, bottom, top | ||
end | ||
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#materials are: | ||
# asthenosphere left, | ||
# asthenosphere right, | ||
# lithosphere left, | ||
# lithosphere right, | ||
# water. | ||
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subsection Material model | ||
set Model name = multicomponent | ||
subsection Multicomponent | ||
set Densities = 3200, 3200, 3300, 3300, 1030 | ||
set Viscosities = 1e21, 1e21, 1e22, 1e22, 1e19 | ||
set Viscosity averaging scheme = harmonic | ||
set Thermal expansivities = 0 | ||
end | ||
end | ||
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subsection Gravity model | ||
set Model name = vertical | ||
subsection Vertical | ||
set Magnitude = 9.81 | ||
end | ||
end | ||
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subsection Boundary temperature model | ||
set Fixed temperature boundary indicators = bottom, top | ||
set List of model names = box | ||
end | ||
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subsection Initial temperature model | ||
set Model name = function | ||
subsection Function | ||
set Function expression = 0 | ||
end | ||
end | ||
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subsection Compositional fields | ||
set Number of fields = 4 | ||
end | ||
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subsection Initial composition model | ||
set Model name = function | ||
subsection Function | ||
set Variable names = x,y | ||
set Function constants = L0=300e3 | ||
set Function expression = if((x>=L0 && y<162e3),1,0) ;\ | ||
if((x<=L0 && y>120e3 && y<=170e3),1,0) ;\ | ||
if((x>=L0 && y>=162e3 && y<=172e3),1,0) ;\ | ||
if((x<=L0 && y>170e3) || (x>=L0 && y>172e3),1,0) | ||
end | ||
end | ||
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subsection Mesh refinement | ||
set Initial adaptive refinement = 2 | ||
set Initial global refinement = 5 | ||
set Refinement fraction = 0.9 | ||
set Strategy = composition | ||
set Coarsening fraction = 0 | ||
end | ||
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subsection Postprocess | ||
set List of postprocessors = visualization, velocity statistics, composition statistics, pressure statistics, material statistics, global statistics | ||
subsection Visualization | ||
set List of output variables = density, viscosity, strain rate | ||
set Time between graphical output = 0 | ||
set Interpolate output = false | ||
end | ||
end |
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cookbooks/subduction_initiation/subduction_initiation_particle_in_cell.prm
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#parameter file for replicating Matsumoto & Tomoda 1983 | ||
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set Dimension = 2 | ||
set Start time = 0 | ||
set End time = 50e6 | ||
set Use years in output instead of seconds = true | ||
set CFL number = 0.25 | ||
set Output directory = output-subduction-initiation-pic | ||
set Pressure normalization = surface | ||
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#subsection Solver parameters | ||
# subsection Stokes solver parameters | ||
# set Number of cheap Stokes solver steps = 0 | ||
# end | ||
#end | ||
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subsection Geometry model | ||
set Model name = box | ||
subsection Box | ||
set X extent = 400e3 | ||
set Y extent = 180e3 | ||
set X repetitions = 2 | ||
end | ||
end | ||
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subsection Boundary velocity model | ||
set Tangential velocity boundary indicators = left, right, bottom, top | ||
end | ||
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subsection Material model | ||
set Model name = multicomponent | ||
subsection Multicomponent | ||
set Densities = 0, 3200, 3200, 3300, 3300, 1030 | ||
set Viscosities = 1e30, 1e21, 1e21, 1e22, 1e22, 1e19 | ||
set Viscosity averaging scheme = harmonic | ||
set Thermal expansivities = 0 | ||
end | ||
set Material averaging = harmonic average | ||
end | ||
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subsection Gravity model | ||
set Model name = vertical | ||
subsection Vertical | ||
set Magnitude = 9.81 | ||
end | ||
end | ||
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subsection Boundary temperature model | ||
set Fixed temperature boundary indicators = bottom, top | ||
set List of model names = box | ||
end | ||
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subsection Initial temperature model | ||
set Model name = function | ||
subsection Function | ||
set Function expression = 0 | ||
end | ||
end | ||
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subsection Compositional fields | ||
set Number of fields = 5 | ||
set Names of fields = asth_left, asth_right, left_lith, right_lith, water | ||
set Compositional field methods = particles, particles, particles, particles, particles | ||
set Mapped particle properties = asth_left:initial asth_left, asth_right:initial asth_right, left_lith:initial left_lith, right_lith:initial right_lith, water: initial water | ||
end | ||
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subsection Initial composition model | ||
set Model name = function | ||
subsection Function | ||
set Variable names = x,y | ||
set Function constants = L0=300e3 | ||
set Function expression = if((x<=L0 && y<=120e3),1,0) ;\ | ||
if((x>=L0 && y<162e3),1,0) ;\ | ||
if((x<=L0 && y>120e3 && y<=170e3),1,0) ;\ | ||
if((x>=L0 && y>=162e3 && y<=172e3),1,0) ;\ | ||
if((x<=L0 && y>170e3) || (x>=L0 && y>172e3),1,0) | ||
end | ||
end | ||
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subsection Mesh refinement | ||
set Initial adaptive refinement = 0 | ||
set Initial global refinement = 6 | ||
set Refinement fraction = 0.9 | ||
set Strategy = composition | ||
set Coarsening fraction = 0 | ||
end | ||
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subsection Postprocess | ||
set List of postprocessors = visualization, velocity statistics, composition statistics, pressure statistics, material statistics, global statistics, particles | ||
subsection Particles | ||
set Number of particles = 350000 | ||
set Time between data output = 0 | ||
set Data output format = vtu | ||
set List of particle properties = initial composition, velocity | ||
set Particle generator name = random uniform | ||
set Interpolation scheme = cell average #default | ||
set Update ghost particles = true | ||
end | ||
subsection Visualization | ||
set List of output variables = density, viscosity, strain rate | ||
set Time between graphical output = 0 | ||
set Interpolate output = false | ||
end | ||
end |
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New: There is now a new cookbook which is a very | ||
simple subduction initiation model as published | ||
by Matsumoto and Tomoda (1983). | ||
<br> | ||
(Cedric Thieulot, 2023/07/12) |
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