ENH: (optionally) use pygeos for vectorized GeometryArray operations

.travis.yml

@@ -8,18 +8,18 @@ matrix:
     - env: ENV_FILE="ci/travis/35-minimal.yaml"
 
     # Python 3.6 test all supported Pandas versions
-    - env: ENV_FILE="ci/travis/36-pd023.yaml"
-    - env: ENV_FILE="ci/travis/36-pd024.yaml"
+    - env: ENV_FILE="ci/travis/36-pd023.yaml" PYGEOS=true
+    - env: ENV_FILE="ci/travis/36-pd024.yaml" PYGEOS=true
 
-    - env: ENV_FILE="ci/travis/37-latest-defaults.yaml" STYLE=true
-    - env: ENV_FILE="ci/travis/37-latest-conda-forge.yaml"
+    - env: ENV_FILE="ci/travis/37-latest-defaults.yaml" STYLE=true PYGEOS=true
+    - env: ENV_FILE="ci/travis/37-latest-conda-forge.yaml" PYGEOS=true
 
-    - env: ENV_FILE="ci/travis/38-latest-conda-forge.yaml"
+    - env: ENV_FILE="ci/travis/38-latest-conda-forge.yaml" PYGEOS=true
 
-    - env: ENV_FILE="ci/travis/37-dev.yaml" DEV=true
+    - env: ENV_FILE="ci/travis/37-dev.yaml" DEV=true PYGEOS=true
 
   allow_failures:
-    - env: ENV_FILE="ci/travis/37-dev.yaml" DEV=true
+    - env: ENV_FILE="ci/travis/37-dev.yaml" DEV=true PYGEOS=true
 
 install:
   # Install conda
@@ -46,7 +46,10 @@ install:
   - python -c "import geopandas; geopandas.show_versions();"
 
 script:
-  - py.test geopandas --cov geopandas -v --cov-report term-missing
+  - echo "Testing without PyGEOS"
+  - USE_PYGEOS=0 pytest geopandas --cov geopandas -v --cov-report term-missing
+  - if [ "$PYGEOS" ]; then echo "Testing with PyGEOS"; fi
+  - if [ "$PYGEOS" ]; then USE_PYGEOS=1 pytest geopandas --cov geopandas -v --cov-report term-missing; fi
   - if [ "$STYLE" ]; then black --check geopandas; fi
   - if [ "$STYLE" ]; then flake8 geopandas; fi
 

asv.conf.json

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
     "matrix": {
         "pandas": [],
         "shapely": [],
-        "cython": [],
+        "pygeos": [],
         "fiona": [],
         "pyproj": [],
         "rtree": [],

ci/travis/36-pd023.yaml

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ dependencies:
   - gdal=2.3
   - fiona
   #- pyproj
+  - geos
   # testing
   - pytest
   - pytest-cov
@@ -28,3 +29,4 @@ dependencies:
     - pyproj==2.3.1
     - geopy
     - codecov
+    - git+https://github.com/pygeos/pygeos.git

ci/travis/36-pd024.yaml

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ dependencies:
   - shapely
   - fiona=1.7
   #- pyproj
+  - geos
   # testing
   - pytest
   - pytest-cov
@@ -25,3 +26,4 @@ dependencies:
     - codecov
     - geopy
     - mapclassify
+    - git+https://github.com/pygeos/pygeos.git

ci/travis/37-dev.yaml

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ dependencies:
   - shapely
   - fiona
   - pyproj
+  - geos
   # testing
   - pytest
   - pytest-cov
@@ -25,3 +26,4 @@ dependencies:
     - codecov
     - geopy
     - mapclassify
+    - git+https://github.com/pygeos/pygeos.git

ci/travis/37-latest-conda-forge.yaml

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ dependencies:
   - shapely
   - fiona
   - pyproj
+  - pygeos
   # testing
   - pytest
   - pytest-cov

ci/travis/37-latest-defaults.yaml

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ dependencies:
   - shapely
   - fiona
   - pyproj
+  - geos
   # testing
   - pytest
   - pytest-cov
@@ -24,3 +25,4 @@ dependencies:
     - codecov
     - geopy
     - mapclassify
+    - git+https://github.com/pygeos/pygeos.git

ci/travis/38-latest-conda-forge.yaml

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ dependencies:
   - shapely
   - fiona
   - pyproj
+  - pygeos
   # testing
   - pytest
   - pytest-cov

doc/source/install.rst

@@ -159,6 +159,46 @@ For plotting, these additional packages may be used:
 - `mapclassify`_
 
 
+Using the optional PyGEOS dependency
+------------------------------------
+
+Work is ongoing to improve the performance of GeoPandas. Currently, the
+fast implementations of basic spatial operations live in the `PyGEOS`_
+package (but work is under way to contribute those improvements to Shapely).
+Starting with GeoPandas 0.8, it is possible to optionally use those
+experimental speedups by installing PyGEOS. This can be done with conda
+(using the conda-forge channel) or pip::
+
+    # conda
+    conda install pygeos --channel conda-forge
+    # pip
+    pip install pygeos
+
+More specifically, whether the speedups are used or not is determined by:
+
+- If PyGEOS is installed, it will be used by default (but installing GeoPandas
+  will not yet automatically install PyGEOS as dependency, you need to do this
+  manually).
+
+- You can still toggle the use of PyGEOS when it is available, by:
+
+  - Setting an environment variable (``USE_PYGEOS=0/1``). Note this variable
+    is only checked at first import of GeoPandas.
+  - Setting an option: ``geopandas.options.use_pygeos = True/False``. Note,
+    although this variable can be set during an interactive session, it will
+    only work if the GeoDataFrames you use are created (e.g. reading a file
+    with ``read_file``) after changing this value.
+
+.. warning::
+
+    The use of PyGEOS is experimental! Although it is passing all tests,
+    there might still be issues and not all functions of GeoPandas will
+    already benefit from speedups. But trying this out is very welcome!
+    Any issues you encounter (but also reports of successful usage are
+    interesting!) can be reported at https://gitter.im/geopandas/geopandas
+    or https://github.com/geopandas/geopandas/issues
+
+
 .. _PyPI: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/geopandas
 
 .. _GitHub: https://github.com/geopandas/geopandas
@@ -204,3 +244,5 @@ For plotting, these additional packages may be used:
 .. _GEOS: https://geos.osgeo.org
 
 .. _PROJ: https://proj.org/
+
+.. _PyGEOS: https://github.com/pygeos/pygeos/

geopandas/__init__.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from geopandas._config import options  # noqa
+
 from geopandas.geoseries import GeoSeries  # noqa
 from geopandas.geodataframe import GeoDataFrame  # noqa
 from geopandas.array import points_from_xy  # noqa
@@ -12,7 +14,6 @@
 
 import geopandas.datasets  # noqa
 
-from geopandas._config import options  # noqa
 
 # make the interactive namespace easier to use
 # for `from geopandas import *` demos.

geopandas/_compat.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from distutils.version import LooseVersion
+import os
 
 import pandas as pd
 
@@ -9,3 +10,82 @@
 PANDAS_GE_024 = str(pd.__version__) >= LooseVersion("0.24.0")
 PANDAS_GE_025 = str(pd.__version__) >= LooseVersion("0.25.0")
 PANDAS_GE_10 = str(pd.__version__) >= LooseVersion("0.26.0.dev")
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Shapely / PyGEOS compat
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+USE_PYGEOS = None
+PYGEOS_SHAPELY_COMPAT = None
+
+
+def set_use_pygeos(val=None):
+    """
+    Set the global configuration on whether to use PyGEOS or not.
+
+    The default is use PyGEOS if it is installed. This can be overridden
+    with an environment variable USE_PYGEOS (this is only checked at
+    first import, cannot be changed during interactive session).
+
+    Alternatively, pass a value here to force a True/False value.
+    """
+    global USE_PYGEOS
+    global PYGEOS_SHAPELY_COMPAT
+
+    if val is not None:
+        USE_PYGEOS = bool(val)
+    else:
+        if USE_PYGEOS is None:
+            try:
+                import pygeos  # noqa
+
+                USE_PYGEOS = True
+            except ImportError:
+                USE_PYGEOS = False
+
+            env_use_pygeos = os.getenv("USE_PYGEOS", None)
+            if env_use_pygeos is not None:
+                USE_PYGEOS = bool(int(env_use_pygeos))
+
+    # validate the pygeos version
+    if USE_PYGEOS:
+        try:
+            import pygeos  # noqa
+
+            # validate the pygeos version
+            if not str(pygeos.__version__) >= LooseVersion("0.6"):
+                raise ImportError(
+                    "PyGEOS >= 0.6 is required, version {0} is installed".format(
+                        pygeos.__version__
+                    )
+                )
+
+            # Check whether Shapely and PyGEOS use the same GEOS version.
+            # Based on PyGEOS from_shapely implementation.
+
+            from shapely.geos import geos_version_string as shapely_geos_version
+            from pygeos import geos_capi_version_string
+
+            # shapely has something like: "3.6.2-CAPI-1.10.2 4d2925d6"
+            # pygeos has something like: "3.6.2-CAPI-1.10.2"
+            if not shapely_geos_version.startswith(geos_capi_version_string):
+                warnings.warn(
+                    "The Shapely GEOS version ({}) is incompatible with the GEOS "
+                    "version PyGEOS was compiled with ({}). Conversions between both "
+                    "will be slow.".format(
+                        shapely_geos_version, geos_capi_version_string
+                    )
+                )
+                PYGEOS_SHAPELY_COMPAT = False
+            else:
+                PYGEOS_SHAPELY_COMPAT = True
+
+        except ImportError:
+            raise ImportError(
+                "To use the PyGEOS speed-ups within GeoPandas, you need to install "
+                "PyGEOS: 'conda install pygeos' or 'pip install pygeos'"
+            )
+
+
+set_use_pygeos()

geopandas/_config.py

@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ def __setattr__(self, key, value):
             if option.validator:
                 option.validator(value)
             self._config[key] = value
+            if option.callback:
+                option.callback(key, value)
         else:
             msg = "You can only set the value of existing options"
             raise AttributeError(msg)
@@ -58,7 +60,7 @@ def __repr__(self):
             else:
                 doc_text = u"No description available."
             doc_text = indent(doc_text, prefix="    ")
-            description += doc_text
+            description += doc_text + "\n"
         space = "\n  "
         description = description.replace("\n", space)
         return "{}({}{})".format(cls, space, description)
@@ -100,4 +102,36 @@ def _validate_display_precision(value):
     callback=None,
 )
 
-options = Options({"display_precision": display_precision})
+
+def _validate_bool(value):
+    if not isinstance(value, bool):
+        raise TypeError("Expected bool value, got {0}".format(type(value)))
+
+
+def _default_use_pygeos():
+    import geopandas._compat as compat
+
+    return compat.USE_PYGEOS
+
+
+def _callback_use_pygeos(key, value):
+    assert key == "use_pygeos"
+    import geopandas._compat as compat
+
+    compat.set_use_pygeos(value)
+
+
+use_pygeos = Option(
+    key="use_pygeos",
+    default_value=_default_use_pygeos(),
+    doc=(
+        "Whether to use PyGEOS to speed up spatial operations. The default is True "
+        "if PyGEOS is installed, and follows the USE_PYGEOS environment variable "
+        "if set."
+    ),
+    validator=_validate_bool,
+    callback=_callback_use_pygeos,
+)
+
+
+options = Options({"display_precision": display_precision, "use_pygeos": use_pygeos})