Add query source support to sentry-rails

[st0012]

Closes #2242

This PR adds query source information to the tracing spans captured by sentry-rails's ActiveSupportSubscriber, which should be picked up by Sentry and displayed like:

The implementation is inspired by Rails' ActiveRecord::LogSubscriber but doesn't depend on it.

There are several requirements for this feature to work:

• Ruby 3.2+ because we need Thread.each_caller_location to minimise the performance impact
• Rails 7.1+ because we need ActiveSupport::BacktraceCleaner#clean_frame
• config.rails.enable_db_query_source is set to true (default)
• sentry-rails's ActiveRecordSubscriber is included in the config.rails.tracing_subscribers list (default)

And to reduce the feature's overhead, only queries that exceed config.rails.db_query_source_threshold_ms will have source recorded, which is set to 100ms by default.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 95.14563% with 5 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 98.66%. Comparing base (41ab3ba) to head (a47f0c2).

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##           master    #2313   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   98.66%   98.66%           
=======================================
  Files         205      205           
  Lines       13339    13422   +83     
=======================================
+ Hits        13161    13243   +82     
- Misses        178      179    +1     

Components	Coverage Δ
sentry-ruby	99.03% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	⬆️
sentry-rails	97.42% <94.94%> (+0.05%)	⬆️
sentry-sidekiq	96.98% <ø> (ø)
sentry-resque	96.76% <ø> (-0.33%)	⬇️
sentry-delayed_job	98.91% <ø> (ø)
sentry-opentelemetry	100.00% <ø> (ø)

Files	Coverage Δ
sentry-rails/lib/sentry/rails/configuration.rb	97.43% <100.00%> (+0.29%)	⬆️
...try/rails/tracing/active_record_subscriber_spec.rb	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
sentry-ruby/lib/sentry/span.rb	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...b/sentry/rails/tracing/active_record_subscriber.rb	90.38% <88.63%> (+4.67%)	⬆️

... and 2 files with indirect coverage changes

[sl0thentr0py]

Thanks for adding this!
We also have an option called db_query_source_threshold_ms that defaults to 100ms and the source is recorded on the span only if it takes more than that threshold.
Could you also add that?

https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-python/blob/b922f40ad9cff1f97286030f71a22e0000e9b4e2/sentry_sdk/tracing_utils.py#L185-L186

[sl0thentr0py]

ty <3