transport.go

// Copyright 2011 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

package ssh

import (
	"bufio"
	"errors"
	"io"
)

const (
	gcmCipherID = "aes128-gcm@openssh.com"
)

// packetConn represents a transport that implements packet based
// operations.
type packetConn interface {
	// Encrypt and send a packet of data to the remote peer.
	writePacket(packet []byte) error

	// Read a packet from the connection
	readPacket() ([]byte, error)

	// Close closes the write-side of the connection.
	Close() error
}

// transport is the keyingTransport that implements the SSH packet
// protocol.
type transport struct {
	reader connectionState
	writer connectionState

	bufReader *bufio.Reader
	bufWriter *bufio.Writer
	rand      io.Reader

	io.Closer

	// Initial H used for the session ID. Once assigned this does
	// not change, even during subsequent key exchanges.
	sessionID []byte
}

func (t *transport) getSessionID() []byte {
	if t.sessionID == nil {
		panic("session ID not set yet")
	}
	s := make([]byte, len(t.sessionID))
	copy(s, t.sessionID)
	return s
}

// packetCipher represents a combination of SSH encryption/MAC
// protocol.  A single instance should be used for one direction only.
type packetCipher interface {
	// writePacket encrypts the packet and writes it to w. The
	// contents of the packet are generally scrambled.
	writePacket(seqnum uint32, w io.Writer, rand io.Reader, packet []byte) error

	// readPacket reads and decrypts a packet of data. The
	// returned packet may be overwritten by future calls of
	// readPacket.
	readPacket(seqnum uint32, r io.Reader) ([]byte, error)
}

// connectionState represents one side (read or write) of the
// connection. This is necessary because each direction has its own
// keys, and can even have its own algorithms
type connectionState struct {
	packetCipher
	seqNum           uint32
	dir              direction
	pendingKeyChange chan packetCipher
}

// prepareKeyChange sets up key material for a keychange. The key changes in
// both directions are triggered by reading and writing a msgNewKey packet
// respectively.
func (t *transport) prepareKeyChange(algs *algorithms, kexResult *kexResult) error {
	if t.sessionID == nil {
		t.sessionID = kexResult.H
	}

	kexResult.SessionID = t.sessionID

	if ciph, err := newPacketCipher(t.reader.dir, algs.r, kexResult); err != nil {
		return err
	} else {
		t.reader.pendingKeyChange <- ciph
	}

	if ciph, err := newPacketCipher(t.writer.dir, algs.w, kexResult); err != nil {
		return err
	} else {
		t.writer.pendingKeyChange <- ciph
	}

	return nil
}

// Read and decrypt next packet.
func (t *transport) readPacket() ([]byte, error) {
	return t.reader.readPacket(t.bufReader)
}

func (s *connectionState) readPacket(r *bufio.Reader) ([]byte, error) {
	packet, err := s.packetCipher.readPacket(s.seqNum, r)
	s.seqNum++
	if err == nil && len(packet) == 0 {
		err = errors.New("ssh: zero length packet")
	}

	if len(packet) > 0 && packet[0] == msgNewKeys {
		select {
		case cipher := <-s.pendingKeyChange:
			s.packetCipher = cipher
		default:
			return nil, errors.New("ssh: got bogus newkeys message.")
		}
	}

	// The packet may point to an internal buffer, so copy the
	// packet out here.
	fresh := make([]byte, len(packet))
	copy(fresh, packet)

	return fresh, err
}

func (t *transport) writePacket(packet []byte) error {
	return t.writer.writePacket(t.bufWriter, t.rand, packet)
}

func (s *connectionState) writePacket(w *bufio.Writer, rand io.Reader, packet []byte) error {
	changeKeys := len(packet) > 0 && packet[0] == msgNewKeys

	err := s.packetCipher.writePacket(s.seqNum, w, rand, packet)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err = w.Flush(); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	s.seqNum++
	if changeKeys {
		select {
		case cipher := <-s.pendingKeyChange:
			s.packetCipher = cipher
		default:
			panic("ssh: no key material for msgNewKeys")
		}
	}
	return err
}

func newTransport(rwc io.ReadWriteCloser, rand io.Reader, isClient bool) *transport {
	t := &transport{
		bufReader: bufio.NewReader(rwc),
		bufWriter: bufio.NewWriter(rwc),
		rand:      rand,
		reader: connectionState{
			packetCipher:     &streamPacketCipher{cipher: noneCipher{}},
			pendingKeyChange: make(chan packetCipher, 1),
		},
		writer: connectionState{
			packetCipher:     &streamPacketCipher{cipher: noneCipher{}},
			pendingKeyChange: make(chan packetCipher, 1),
		},
		Closer: rwc,
	}
	if isClient {
		t.reader.dir = serverKeys
		t.writer.dir = clientKeys
	} else {
		t.reader.dir = clientKeys
		t.writer.dir = serverKeys
	}

	return t
}

type direction struct {
	ivTag     []byte
	keyTag    []byte
	macKeyTag []byte
}

var (
	serverKeys = direction{[]byte{'B'}, []byte{'D'}, []byte{'F'}}
	clientKeys = direction{[]byte{'A'}, []byte{'C'}, []byte{'E'}}
)

// generateKeys generates key material for IV, MAC and encryption.
func generateKeys(d direction, algs directionAlgorithms, kex *kexResult) (iv, key, macKey []byte) {
	cipherMode := cipherModes[algs.Cipher]
	macMode := macModes[algs.MAC]

	iv = make([]byte, cipherMode.ivSize)
	key = make([]byte, cipherMode.keySize)
	macKey = make([]byte, macMode.keySize)

	generateKeyMaterial(iv, d.ivTag, kex)
	generateKeyMaterial(key, d.keyTag, kex)
	generateKeyMaterial(macKey, d.macKeyTag, kex)
	return
}

// setupKeys sets the cipher and MAC keys from kex.K, kex.H and sessionId, as
// described in RFC 4253, section 6.4. direction should either be serverKeys
// (to setup server->client keys) or clientKeys (for client->server keys).
func newPacketCipher(d direction, algs directionAlgorithms, kex *kexResult) (packetCipher, error) {
	iv, key, macKey := generateKeys(d, algs, kex)

	if algs.Cipher == gcmCipherID {
		return newGCMCipher(iv, key, macKey)
	}

	c := &streamPacketCipher{
		mac: macModes[algs.MAC].new(macKey),
	}
	c.macResult = make([]byte, c.mac.Size())

	var err error
	c.cipher, err = cipherModes[algs.Cipher].createStream(key, iv)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return c, nil
}

// generateKeyMaterial fills out with key material generated from tag, K, H
// and sessionId, as specified in RFC 4253, section 7.2.
func generateKeyMaterial(out, tag []byte, r *kexResult) {
	var digestsSoFar []byte

	h := r.Hash.New()
	for len(out) > 0 {
		h.Reset()
		h.Write(r.K)
		h.Write(r.H)

		if len(digestsSoFar) == 0 {
			h.Write(tag)
			h.Write(r.SessionID)
		} else {
			h.Write(digestsSoFar)
		}

		digest := h.Sum(nil)
		n := copy(out, digest)
		out = out[n:]
		if len(out) > 0 {
			digestsSoFar = append(digestsSoFar, digest...)
		}
	}
}

const packageVersion = "SSH-2.0-Go"

// Sends and receives a version line.  The versionLine string should
// be US ASCII, start with "SSH-2.0-", and should not include a
// newline. exchangeVersions returns the other side's version line.
func exchangeVersions(rw io.ReadWriter, versionLine []byte) (them []byte, err error) {
	// Contrary to the RFC, we do not ignore lines that don't
	// start with "SSH-2.0-" to make the library usable with
	// nonconforming servers.
	for _, c := range versionLine {
		// The spec disallows non US-ASCII chars, and
		// specifically forbids null chars.
		if c < 32 {
			return nil, errors.New("ssh: junk character in version line")
		}
	}
	if _, err = rw.Write(append(versionLine, '\r', '\n')); err != nil {
		return
	}

	them, err = readVersion(rw)
	return them, err
}

// maxVersionStringBytes is the maximum number of bytes that we'll
// accept as a version string. RFC 4253 section 4.2 limits this at 255
// chars
const maxVersionStringBytes = 255

// Read version string as specified by RFC 4253, section 4.2.
func readVersion(r io.Reader) ([]byte, error) {
	versionString := make([]byte, 0, 64)
	var ok bool
	var buf [1]byte

	for len(versionString) < maxVersionStringBytes {
		_, err := io.ReadFull(r, buf[:])
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		// The RFC says that the version should be terminated with \r\n
		// but several SSH servers actually only send a \n.
		if buf[0] == '\n' {
			ok = true
			break
		}

		// non ASCII chars are disallowed, but we are lenient,
		// since Go doesn't use null-terminated strings.

		// The RFC allows a comment after a space, however,
		// all of it (version and comments) goes into the
		// session hash.
		versionString = append(versionString, buf[0])
	}

	if !ok {
		return nil, errors.New("ssh: overflow reading version string")
	}

	// There might be a '\r' on the end which we should remove.
	if len(versionString) > 0 && versionString[len(versionString)-1] == '\r' {
		versionString = versionString[:len(versionString)-1]
	}
	return versionString, nil
}