builtin: patch-id: fix patch-id with binary diffs

"git patch-id" currently doesn't produce correct output if the
incoming diff has any binary files. Add logic to get_one_patchid
to handle the different possible styles of binary diff. This
attempts to keep resulting patch-ids identical to what would be
produced by the counterpart logic in diff.c, that is it produces
the id by hashing the a and b oids in succession.

In general we handle binary diffs by first caching the object ids from
the "index" line and using those if we then find an indication
that the diff is binary.

The input could contain patches generated with "git diff --binary". This
currently breaks the parse logic and results in multiple patch-ids
output for a single commit. Here we have to skip the contents of the
patch itself since those do not go into the patch id. --binary
implies --full-index so the object ids are always available.

When the diff is generated with --full-index there is no patch content
to skip over.

When a diff is generated without --full-index or --binary, it will
contain abbreviated object ids. This will still result in a sufficiently
unique patch-id when hashed, but does not match internal patch id
output. We'll call this ok for now as we already need specialized
arguments to diff in order to match internal patch id (namely -U3).

Signed-off-by: Jerry Zhang <Jerry@skydio.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

builtin/patch-id.c

@@ -61,6 +61,8 @@ static int get_one_patchid(struct object_id *next_oid, struct object_id *result,
 {
 	int patchlen = 0, found_next = 0;
 	int before = -1, after = -1;
+	int diff_is_binary = 0;
+	char pre_oid_str[GIT_MAX_HEXSZ + 1], post_oid_str[GIT_MAX_HEXSZ + 1];
 	git_hash_ctx ctx;
 
 	the_hash_algo->init_fn(&ctx);
@@ -88,14 +90,44 @@ static int get_one_patchid(struct object_id *next_oid, struct object_id *result,
 
 		/* Parsing diff header?  */
 		if (before == -1) {
-			if (starts_with(line, "index "))
+			if (starts_with(line, "GIT binary patch") ||
+			    starts_with(line, "Binary files")) {
+				diff_is_binary = 1;
+				before = 0;
+				the_hash_algo->update_fn(&ctx, pre_oid_str,
+							 strlen(pre_oid_str));
+				the_hash_algo->update_fn(&ctx, post_oid_str,
+							 strlen(post_oid_str));
+				if (stable)
+					flush_one_hunk(result, &ctx);
 				continue;
-			else if (starts_with(line, "--- "))
+			} else if (skip_prefix(line, "index ", &p)) {
+				char *oid1_end = strstr(line, "..");
+				char *oid2_end = NULL;
+				if (oid1_end)
+					oid2_end = strstr(oid1_end, " ");
+				if (!oid2_end)
+					oid2_end = line + strlen(line) - 1;
+				if (oid1_end != NULL && oid2_end != NULL) {
+					*oid1_end = *oid2_end = '\0';
+					strlcpy(pre_oid_str, p, GIT_MAX_HEXSZ + 1);
+					strlcpy(post_oid_str, oid1_end + 2, GIT_MAX_HEXSZ + 1);
+				}
+				continue;
+			} else if (starts_with(line, "--- "))
 				before = after = 1;
 			else if (!isalpha(line[0]))
 				break;
 		}
 
+		if (diff_is_binary) {
+			if (starts_with(line, "diff ")) {
+				diff_is_binary = 0;
+				before = -1;
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+
 		/* Looking for a valid hunk header?  */
 		if (before == 0 && after == 0) {
 			if (starts_with(line, "@@ -")) {

t/t4204-patch-id.sh

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ calc_patch_id () {
 }
 
 get_top_diff () {
-	git log -p -1 "$@" -O bar-then-foo --
+	git log -p -1 "$@" -O bar-then-foo --full-index --
 }
 
 get_patch_id () {
@@ -61,6 +61,33 @@ test_expect_success 'patch-id detects inequality' '
 	get_patch_id notsame &&
 	! test_cmp patch-id_main patch-id_notsame
 '
+test_expect_success 'patch-id detects equality binary' '
+	cat >.gitattributes <<-\EOF &&
+	foo binary
+	bar binary
+	EOF
+	get_patch_id main &&
+	get_patch_id same &&
+	git log -p -1 --binary main >top-diff.output &&
+	calc_patch_id <top-diff.output main_binpatch &&
+	git log -p -1 --binary same >top-diff.output &&
+	calc_patch_id <top-diff.output same_binpatch &&
+	test_cmp patch-id_main patch-id_main_binpatch &&
+	test_cmp patch-id_same patch-id_same_binpatch &&
+	test_cmp patch-id_main patch-id_same &&
+	test_when_finished "rm .gitattributes"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patch-id detects inequality binary' '
+	cat >.gitattributes <<-\EOF &&
+	foo binary
+	bar binary
+	EOF
+	get_patch_id main &&
+	get_patch_id notsame &&
+	! test_cmp patch-id_main patch-id_notsame &&
+	test_when_finished "rm .gitattributes"
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'patch-id supports git-format-patch output' '
 	get_patch_id main &&