unpack-trees: increment cache_bottom for sparse directories

Correct tracking of the 'cache_bottom' for cases where sparse directories
are present in the index.

BACKGROUND
----------
The 'unpack_trees_options.cache_bottom' is a variable that tracks the
in-progress "bottom" of the cache as 'unpack_trees()' iterates through the
contents of the index. Most importantly, this value informs the sequential
return values of 'next_cache_entry()' which, in the "diff cache" usage of
'unpack_callback()', are either unpacked as-is or are passed into the diff
machinery.

The 'cache_bottom' is intended to track the position of the first entry in
the index that has not yet been diffed or unpacked. It is advanced in two
main ways: either it is incremented when an index entry is marked as "used"
(in 'mark_ce_used()'), indicating that it was unpacked or diffed, or when a
directory is unpacked, in which case it is increased by an amount equaling
the number of index entries inside that tree.

In 17a1bb5 (unpack-trees: preserve cache_bottom, 2021-07-14), it was
identified that sparse directories posed a problem to the above
'cache_bottom' advancement logic - because a sparse directory was both an
index entry that could be "used" and a directory that can be unpacked, the
'cache_bottom' would be incremented too many times. To solve this problem,
the 'mark_ce_used()' advancement of 'cache_bottom' was skipped for sparse
directories.

INCORRECT CACHE_BOTTOM TRACKING
-------------------------------
Skipping the 'cache_bottom' advancement for sparse directories in
'mark_ce_used()' breaks down in two cases:

1. When the 'unpack_trees()' operation is *not* a "cache diff" (because the
   directory contents-based incrementing of 'cache_bottom' does not happen).
2. When a cache diff is performed with a pathspec (because
   'unpack_index_entry()' will unpack a sparse directory not matched by the
   pathspec without performing the directory contents-based increment).

The former luckily does not appear to affect 'git' behavior, likely because
'cache_bottom' is largely unused (non-"cache diff" 'unpack_trees()' uses
'find_index_entry()' - rather than 'next_cache_entry()' - to find the index
entries to unpack).

The latter, however, causes 'cache_bottom' to "lag behind" its intended
position by an amount equal to the number of sparse directories unpacked so
far with 'unpack_index_entry()'. If a repository is structured such that any
sparse directories are ordered lexicographically *after* any
pathspec-matching directories, though, this issue won't present any adverse
behavior.

This was the case with the 't1092-sparse-checkout-compatibility.sh' tests
before the addition of the 'before/' sparse directory (ordered *before* the
in-cone 'deep/' directory), therefore sidestepping the issue. Once the
'before/' directory was added, though, 'cache_bottom' began to lag behind
its intended position, causing 'next_cache_entry()' to return index entries
it had already processed and, ultimately, an incorrect diff.

CORRECTING CACHE_BOTTOM
-----------------------
The problems observed in 't1092' come from 'cache_bottom' lagging behind in
cases where the cache tree-based advancement doesn't occur. To solve this,
then, the fix in 17a1bb5 is "reversed"; rather than skipping
'cache_bottom' advancement in 'mark_ce_used()', we skip the directory
contents-based advancement for sparse directories. Now, every index entry
can be accounted for in 'cache_bottom':

* if you're working with a single index entry, 'cache_bottom' is incremented
  in 'mark_ce_used()'
* if you're working with a directory that contains index entries (but is not
  one itself), 'cache_bottom' is incremented by the number of entries in
  that directory.

Finally, change the 'test_expect_failure' tests in 't1092' failing due to
this bug back to 'test_expect_success'.

Signed-off-by: Victoria Dye <vdye@github.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

t/t1092-sparse-checkout-compatibility.sh

@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ test_expect_success 'deep changes during checkout' '
 	test_all_match git checkout base
 '
 
-test_expect_failure 'add outside sparse cone' '
+test_expect_success 'add outside sparse cone' '
 	init_repos &&
 
 	run_on_sparse mkdir folder1 &&
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ test_expect_success 'commit including unstaged changes' '
 	test_all_match git status --porcelain=v2
 '
 
-test_expect_failure 'status/add: outside sparse cone' '
+test_expect_success 'status/add: outside sparse cone' '
 	init_repos &&
 
 	# folder1 is at HEAD, but outside the sparse cone
@@ -593,7 +593,7 @@ test_expect_success 'checkout and reset (keep)' '
 	test_all_match test_must_fail git reset --keep deepest
 '
 
-test_expect_failure 'reset with pathspecs inside sparse definition' '
+test_expect_success 'reset with pathspecs inside sparse definition' '
 	init_repos &&
 
 	write_script edit-contents <<-\EOF &&

unpack-trees.c

@@ -595,13 +595,6 @@ static void mark_ce_used(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	ce->ce_flags |= CE_UNPACKED;
 
-	/*
-	 * If this is a sparse directory, don't advance cache_bottom.
-	 * That will be advanced later using the cache-tree data.
-	 */
-	if (S_ISSPARSEDIR(ce->ce_mode))
-		return;
-
 	if (o->cache_bottom < o->src_index->cache_nr &&
 	    o->src_index->cache[o->cache_bottom] == ce) {
 		int bottom = o->cache_bottom;
@@ -1478,7 +1471,14 @@ static int unpack_callback(int n, unsigned long mask, unsigned long dirmask, str
 			 * it does not do any look-ahead, so this is safe.
 			 */
 			if (matches) {
-				o->cache_bottom += matches;
+				/*
+				 * Only increment the cache_bottom if the
+				 * directory isn't a sparse directory index
+				 * entry (if it is, it was already incremented)
+				 * in 'mark_ce_used()'
+				 */
+				if (!src[0] || !S_ISSPARSEDIR(src[0]->ce_mode))
+					o->cache_bottom += matches;
 				return mask;
 			}
 		}