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git-diff-index.html
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<body class="manpage">
<div id="header">
<h1>git-diff-index(1) Manual Page</h1>
<h2 id="_name">NAME</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<p>git-diff-index - Compare a tree to the working tree or index</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="verseblock">
<pre class="content"><em>git diff-index</em> [-m] [--cached] [--merge-base] [<common-diff-options>] <tree-ish> [<path>…​]</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Compare the content and mode of the blobs found in a tree object
with the corresponding tracked files in the working tree, or with the
corresponding paths in the index. When <path> arguments are present,
compare only paths matching those patterns. Otherwise all tracked
files are compared.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="dlist">
<dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">-p</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">-u</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">--patch</dt>
<dd>
<p>Generate patch (see <a href="#generate_patch_text_with_p">Generating patch text with -p</a>).</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">-s</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">--no-patch</dt>
<dd>
<p>Suppress all output from the diff machinery. Useful for
commands like <code>git show</code> that show the patch by default to
squelch their output, or to cancel the effect of options like
<code>--patch</code>, <code>--stat</code> earlier on the command line in an alias.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">-U<n></dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">--unified=<n></dt>
<dd>
<p>Generate diffs with <n> lines of context instead of
the usual three.
Implies <code>--patch</code>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--output=<file></dt>
<dd>
<p>Output to a specific file instead of stdout.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--output-indicator-new=<char></dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">--output-indicator-old=<char></dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">--output-indicator-context=<char></dt>
<dd>
<p>Specify the character used to indicate new, old or context
lines in the generated patch. Normally they are <em>+</em>, <em>-</em> and
' ' respectively.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--raw</dt>
<dd>
<p>Generate the diff in raw format.
This is the default.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--patch-with-raw</dt>
<dd>
<p>Synonym for <code>-p --raw</code>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--indent-heuristic</dt>
<dd>
<p>Enable the heuristic that shifts diff hunk boundaries to make patches
easier to read. This is the default.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--no-indent-heuristic</dt>
<dd>
<p>Disable the indent heuristic.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--minimal</dt>
<dd>
<p>Spend extra time to make sure the smallest possible
diff is produced.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--patience</dt>
<dd>
<p>Generate a diff using the "patience diff" algorithm.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--histogram</dt>
<dd>
<p>Generate a diff using the "histogram diff" algorithm.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--anchored=<text></dt>
<dd>
<p>Generate a diff using the "anchored diff" algorithm.</p>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This option may be specified more than once.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>If a line exists in both the source and destination, exists only once,
and starts with this text, this algorithm attempts to prevent it from
appearing as a deletion or addition in the output. It uses the "patience
diff" algorithm internally.</p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--diff-algorithm={patience|minimal|histogram|myers}</dt>
<dd>
<p>Choose a diff algorithm. The variants are as follows:</p>
<div class="openblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="dlist">
<dl>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>default</code>, <code>myers</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>The basic greedy diff algorithm. Currently, this is the default.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>minimal</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>Spend extra time to make sure the smallest possible diff is
produced.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>patience</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>Use "patience diff" algorithm when generating patches.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>histogram</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>This algorithm extends the patience algorithm to "support
low-occurrence common elements".</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>For instance, if you configured the <code>diff.algorithm</code> variable to a
non-default value and want to use the default one, then you
have to use <code>--diff-algorithm=default</code> option.</p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--stat[=<width>[,<name-width>[,<count>]]]</dt>
<dd>
<p>Generate a diffstat. By default, as much space as necessary
will be used for the filename part, and the rest for the graph
part. Maximum width defaults to terminal width, or 80 columns
if not connected to a terminal, and can be overridden by
<code><width></code>. The width of the filename part can be limited by
giving another width <code><name-width></code> after a comma or by setting
<code>diff.statNameWidth=<width></code>. The width of the graph part can be
limited by using <code>--stat-graph-width=<width></code> or by setting
<code>diff.statGraphWidth=<width></code>. Using <code>--stat</code> or
<code>--stat-graph-width</code> affects all commands generating a stat graph,
while setting <code>diff.statNameWidth</code> or <code>diff.statGraphWidth</code>
does not affect <code>git format-patch</code>.
By giving a third parameter <code><count></code>, you can limit the output to
the first <code><count></code> lines, followed by <code>...</code> if there are more.</p>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>These parameters can also be set individually with <code>--stat-width=<width></code>,
<code>--stat-name-width=<name-width></code> and <code>--stat-count=<count></code>.</p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--compact-summary</dt>
<dd>
<p>Output a condensed summary of extended header information such
as file creations or deletions ("new" or "gone", optionally "+l"
if it’s a symlink) and mode changes ("+x" or "-x" for adding
or removing executable bit respectively) in diffstat. The
information is put between the filename part and the graph
part. Implies <code>--stat</code>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--numstat</dt>
<dd>
<p>Similar to <code>--stat</code>, but shows number of added and
deleted lines in decimal notation and pathname without
abbreviation, to make it more machine friendly. For
binary files, outputs two <code>-</code> instead of saying
<code>0 0</code>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--shortstat</dt>
<dd>
<p>Output only the last line of the <code>--stat</code> format containing total
number of modified files, as well as number of added and deleted
lines.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">-X[<param1,param2,…​>]</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">--dirstat[=<param1,param2,…​>]</dt>
<dd>
<p>Output the distribution of relative amount of changes for each
sub-directory. The behavior of <code>--dirstat</code> can be customized by
passing it a comma separated list of parameters.
The defaults are controlled by the <code>diff.dirstat</code> configuration
variable (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).
The following parameters are available:</p>
<div class="openblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="dlist">
<dl>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>changes</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>Compute the dirstat numbers by counting the lines that have been
removed from the source, or added to the destination. This ignores
the amount of pure code movements within a file. In other words,
rearranging lines in a file is not counted as much as other changes.
This is the default behavior when no parameter is given.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>lines</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>Compute the dirstat numbers by doing the regular line-based diff
analysis, and summing the removed/added line counts. (For binary
files, count 64-byte chunks instead, since binary files have no
natural concept of lines). This is a more expensive <code>--dirstat</code>
behavior than the <code>changes</code> behavior, but it does count rearranged
lines within a file as much as other changes. The resulting output
is consistent with what you get from the other <code>--*stat</code> options.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>files</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>Compute the dirstat numbers by counting the number of files changed.
Each changed file counts equally in the dirstat analysis. This is
the computationally cheapest <code>--dirstat</code> behavior, since it does
not have to look at the file contents at all.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>cumulative</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>Count changes in a child directory for the parent directory as well.
Note that when using <code>cumulative</code>, the sum of the percentages
reported may exceed 100%. The default (non-cumulative) behavior can
be specified with the <code>noncumulative</code> parameter.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><limit></dt>
<dd>
<p>An integer parameter specifies a cut-off percent (3% by default).
Directories contributing less than this percentage of the changes
are not shown in the output.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example: The following will count changed files, while ignoring
directories with less than 10% of the total amount of changed files,
and accumulating child directory counts in the parent directories:
<code>--dirstat=files,10,cumulative</code>.</p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--cumulative</dt>
<dd>
<p>Synonym for --dirstat=cumulative</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--dirstat-by-file[=<param1,param2>…​]</dt>
<dd>
<p>Synonym for --dirstat=files,<param1>,<param2>…​</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--summary</dt>
<dd>
<p>Output a condensed summary of extended header information
such as creations, renames and mode changes.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--patch-with-stat</dt>
<dd>
<p>Synonym for <code>-p --stat</code>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">-z</dt>
<dd>
<p>When <code>--raw</code>, <code>--numstat</code>, <code>--name-only</code> or <code>--name-status</code> has been
given, do not munge pathnames and use NULs as output field terminators.</p>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Without this option, pathnames with "unusual" characters are quoted as
explained for the configuration variable <code>core.quotePath</code> (see
<a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).</p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--name-only</dt>
<dd>
<p>Show only the name of each changed file in the post-image tree.
The file names are often encoded in UTF-8.
For more information see the discussion about encoding in the <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a>
manual page.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--name-status</dt>
<dd>
<p>Show only the name(s) and status of each changed file. See the description
of the <code>--diff-filter</code> option on what the status letters mean.
Just like <code>--name-only</code> the file names are often encoded in UTF-8.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--submodule[=<format>]</dt>
<dd>
<p>Specify how differences in submodules are shown. When specifying
<code>--submodule=short</code> the <em>short</em> format is used. This format just
shows the names of the commits at the beginning and end of the range.
When <code>--submodule</code> or <code>--submodule=log</code> is specified, the <em>log</em>
format is used. This format lists the commits in the range like
<a href="git-submodule.html">git-submodule(1)</a> <code>summary</code> does. When <code>--submodule=diff</code>
is specified, the <em>diff</em> format is used. This format shows an
inline diff of the changes in the submodule contents between the
commit range. Defaults to <code>diff.submodule</code> or the <em>short</em> format
if the config option is unset.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--color[=<when>]</dt>
<dd>
<p>Show colored diff.
<code>--color</code> (i.e. without <em>=<when></em>) is the same as <code>--color=always</code>.
<em><when></em> can be one of <code>always</code>, <code>never</code>, or <code>auto</code>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--no-color</dt>
<dd>
<p>Turn off colored diff.
It is the same as <code>--color=never</code>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--color-moved[=<mode>]</dt>
<dd>
<p>Moved lines of code are colored differently.
The <mode> defaults to <em>no</em> if the option is not given
and to <em>zebra</em> if the option with no mode is given.
The mode must be one of:</p>
<div class="openblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="dlist">
<dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">no</dt>
<dd>
<p>Moved lines are not highlighted.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">default</dt>
<dd>
<p>Is a synonym for <code>zebra</code>. This may change to a more sensible mode
in the future.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">plain</dt>
<dd>
<p>Any line that is added in one location and was removed
in another location will be colored with <em>color.diff.newMoved</em>.
Similarly <em>color.diff.oldMoved</em> will be used for removed lines
that are added somewhere else in the diff. This mode picks up any
moved line, but it is not very useful in a review to determine
if a block of code was moved without permutation.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">blocks</dt>
<dd>
<p>Blocks of moved text of at least 20 alphanumeric characters
are detected greedily. The detected blocks are
painted using either the <em>color.diff.{old,new}Moved</em> color.
Adjacent blocks cannot be told apart.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">zebra</dt>
<dd>
<p>Blocks of moved text are detected as in <em>blocks</em> mode. The blocks
are painted using either the <em>color.diff.{old,new}Moved</em> color or
<em>color.diff.{old,new}MovedAlternative</em>. The change between
the two colors indicates that a new block was detected.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">dimmed-zebra</dt>
<dd>
<p>Similar to <em>zebra</em>, but additional dimming of uninteresting parts
of moved code is performed. The bordering lines of two adjacent
blocks are considered interesting, the rest is uninteresting.
<code>dimmed_zebra</code> is a deprecated synonym.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--no-color-moved</dt>
<dd>
<p>Turn off move detection. This can be used to override configuration
settings. It is the same as <code>--color-moved=no</code>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--color-moved-ws=<modes></dt>
<dd>
<p>This configures how whitespace is ignored when performing the
move detection for <code>--color-moved</code>.
These modes can be given as a comma separated list:</p>
<div class="openblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="dlist">
<dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">no</dt>
<dd>
<p>Do not ignore whitespace when performing move detection.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">ignore-space-at-eol</dt>
<dd>
<p>Ignore changes in whitespace at EOL.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">ignore-space-change</dt>
<dd>
<p>Ignore changes in amount of whitespace. This ignores whitespace
at line end, and considers all other sequences of one or
more whitespace characters to be equivalent.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">ignore-all-space</dt>
<dd>
<p>Ignore whitespace when comparing lines. This ignores differences
even if one line has whitespace where the other line has none.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">allow-indentation-change</dt>
<dd>
<p>Initially ignore any whitespace in the move detection, then
group the moved code blocks only into a block if the change in
whitespace is the same per line. This is incompatible with the
other modes.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--no-color-moved-ws</dt>
<dd>
<p>Do not ignore whitespace when performing move detection. This can be
used to override configuration settings. It is the same as
<code>--color-moved-ws=no</code>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--word-diff[=<mode>]</dt>
<dd>
<p>Show a word diff, using the <mode> to delimit changed words.
By default, words are delimited by whitespace; see
<code>--word-diff-regex</code> below. The <mode> defaults to <em>plain</em>, and
must be one of:</p>
<div class="openblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="dlist">
<dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">color</dt>
<dd>
<p>Highlight changed words using only colors. Implies <code>--color</code>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">plain</dt>
<dd>
<p>Show words as <code>[-removed-]</code> and <code>{+added+}</code>. Makes no
attempts to escape the delimiters if they appear in the input,
so the output may be ambiguous.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">porcelain</dt>
<dd>
<p>Use a special line-based format intended for script
consumption. Added/removed/unchanged runs are printed in the
usual unified diff format, starting with a <code>+</code>/<code>-</code>/` `
character at the beginning of the line and extending to the
end of the line. Newlines in the input are represented by a
tilde <code>~</code> on a line of its own.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">none</dt>
<dd>
<p>Disable word diff again.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Note that despite the name of the first mode, color is used to
highlight the changed parts in all modes if enabled.</p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--word-diff-regex=<regex></dt>
<dd>
<p>Use <regex> to decide what a word is, instead of considering
runs of non-whitespace to be a word. Also implies
<code>--word-diff</code> unless it was already enabled.</p>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Every non-overlapping match of the
<regex> is considered a word. Anything between these matches is
considered whitespace and ignored(!) for the purposes of finding
differences. You may want to append <code>|[^[:space:]]</code> to your regular
expression to make sure that it matches all non-whitespace characters.
A match that contains a newline is silently truncated(!) at the
newline.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>For example, <code>--word-diff-regex=.</code> will treat each character as a word
and, correspondingly, show differences character by character.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The regex can also be set via a diff driver or configuration option, see
<a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a> or <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>. Giving it explicitly
overrides any diff driver or configuration setting. Diff drivers
override configuration settings.</p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--color-words[=<regex>]</dt>
<dd>
<p>Equivalent to <code>--word-diff=color</code> plus (if a regex was
specified) <code>--word-diff-regex=<regex></code>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--no-renames</dt>
<dd>
<p>Turn off rename detection, even when the configuration
file gives the default to do so.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--[no-]rename-empty</dt>
<dd>
<p>Whether to use empty blobs as rename source.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--check</dt>
<dd>
<p>Warn if changes introduce conflict markers or whitespace errors.
What are considered whitespace errors is controlled by <code>core.whitespace</code>
configuration. By default, trailing whitespaces (including
lines that consist solely of whitespaces) and a space character
that is immediately followed by a tab character inside the
initial indent of the line are considered whitespace errors.
Exits with non-zero status if problems are found. Not compatible
with --exit-code.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--ws-error-highlight=<kind></dt>
<dd>
<p>Highlight whitespace errors in the <code>context</code>, <code>old</code> or <code>new</code>
lines of the diff. Multiple values are separated by comma,
<code>none</code> resets previous values, <code>default</code> reset the list to
<code>new</code> and <code>all</code> is a shorthand for <code>old,new,context</code>. When
this option is not given, and the configuration variable
<code>diff.wsErrorHighlight</code> is not set, only whitespace errors in
<code>new</code> lines are highlighted. The whitespace errors are colored
with <code>color.diff.whitespace</code>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--full-index</dt>
<dd>
<p>Instead of the first handful of characters, show the full
pre- and post-image blob object names on the "index"
line when generating patch format output.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--binary</dt>
<dd>
<p>In addition to <code>--full-index</code>, output a binary diff that
can be applied with <code>git-apply</code>.
Implies <code>--patch</code>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--abbrev[=<n>]</dt>
<dd>
<p>Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal object
name in diff-raw format output and diff-tree header
lines, show the shortest prefix that is at least <em><n></em>
hexdigits long that uniquely refers the object.
In diff-patch output format, <code>--full-index</code> takes higher
precedence, i.e. if <code>--full-index</code> is specified, full blob
names will be shown regardless of <code>--abbrev</code>.
Non default number of digits can be specified with <code>--abbrev=<n></code>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">-B[<n>][/<m>]</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">--break-rewrites[=[<n>][/<m>]]</dt>
<dd>
<p>Break complete rewrite changes into pairs of delete and
create. This serves two purposes:</p>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>It affects the way a change that amounts to a total rewrite of a file
not as a series of deletion and insertion mixed together with a very
few lines that happen to match textually as the context, but as a
single deletion of everything old followed by a single insertion of
everything new, and the number <code>m</code> controls this aspect of the -B
option (defaults to 60%). <code>-B/70%</code> specifies that less than 30% of the
original should remain in the result for Git to consider it a total