Port grafana/loki#9831 to loki.source.file

[rfratto]

@cstyan pointed out that a new bugfix got merged to Promtail (grafana/loki#9831), and that we may need to port it.

We need to investigate whether the bugfix needs to be ported, and port it if it's relevant. If it's not relevant to our code, we can close this issue.

[hainenber]

I digged in and yes, the Agent does need this bugfix since it used Promtail instance in this chain
Promtail -> TargetManagers -> FileTargetManager -> targetSyncer -> FileTarget

[thampiotr]

Did some more digging and it seems we'll need to add an equivalent logic and tests here:

agent/component/local/file_match/watch.go

Line 27 in b6f64de

exclude := w.getExcludePath()