Bump OpenTelemetry dependencies and its direct and indirect dependencies

[adamyeats]

This PR supersedes #696, #694, #693.

In clickhouse-datasource, we to started see pipeline failures because Dependabot is trying to roll back the clickhouse driver to 2.3.0. After some assistance from a GitHub dev (thank you!), we found that go get was resolving dependencies incorrectly. Running go get github.com/ClickHouse/clickhouse-go/v2, then go get github.com/grafana/grafana-plugin-sdk-go, then go mod tidy, produced the following output:

go: finding module for package go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric/instrument
go: finding module for package go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric/global
github.com/grafana/clickhouse-datasource/pkg imports
	github.com/grafana/grafana-plugin-sdk-go/backend imports
	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc imports
	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric/global: module go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric@latest found (v1.16.0), but does not contain package go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric/global
github.com/grafana/clickhouse-datasource/pkg imports
	github.com/grafana/grafana-plugin-sdk-go/backend imports
	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc imports
	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric/instrument: module go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric@latest found (v1.16.0), but does not contain package go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric/instrument

When grafana-plugin-sdk-go is resolved by the package manager, that downgrades clickhouse-go to v2.3.0 as that's the latest version that it can reconcile the version of otel/trace depended on by both clickhouse-go and grafana-plugin-sdk-go.

This PR bumps all the OpenTelemetry packages all at once with the -u flag so that interlinking dependencies between opentelemetry-go and opentelemetry-go-contrib and it's dependencies are resolved. After a release, this should fix the issue we are experiencing.

[CLAassistant]

All committers have signed the CLA.

[wbrowne]

Just leaving a note here that this should be manually tested before merged (due to the changes in grpc and protobuf dependencies). Will get to this ASAP

[adamyeats]

Only packages under the go.opentelemetry.io namespace were manually upgraded by me, the others are all modified by go get -u.

[asimpson]

Looks good to me.

[xnyo]

Tested GRPC/Protobuf changes and they seem good!

LGTM! Thank you, and sorry for the delay 😅