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USAGE.md

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Usage

Call stcgal with -h for usage information.

usage: stcgal [-h] [-e] [-a] [-A {dtr,rts}] [-r RESETCMD]
              [-P {stc89,stc12a,stc12b,stc12,stc15a,stc15,stc8,stc8d,stc8g,usb15,auto}]
              [-p PORT] [-b BAUD] [-l HANDSHAKE] [-o OPTION] [-t TRIM] [-D]
              [-V]
              [code_image] [eeprom_image]

stcgal 1.7 - an STC MCU ISP flash tool
(C) 2014-2018 Grigori Goronzy and others
https://github.com/grigorig/stcgal

positional arguments:
  code_image            code segment file to flash (BIN/HEX)
  eeprom_image          eeprom segment file to flash (BIN/HEX)

options:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -e, --erase           only erase flash memory
  -a, --autoreset       cycle power automatically by asserting DTR
  -A {dtr,rts,dtr_inverted,rts_inverted}, --resetpin {dtr,rts,dtr_inverted,rts_inverted}
                        pin to hold down when using --autoreset (default: DTR)
  -r RESETCMD, --resetcmd RESETCMD
                        shell command for board power-cycling (instead of DTR
                        assertion)
  -P {stc89,stc12a,stc12b,stc12,stc15a,stc15,stc8,stc8d,stc8g,usb15,auto}, --protocol {stc89,stc12a,stc12b,stc12,stc15a,stc15,stc8,stc8d,stc8g,usb15,auto}
                        protocol version (default: auto)
  -p PORT, --port PORT  serial port device
  -b BAUD, --baud BAUD  transfer baud rate (default: 115200)
  -l HANDSHAKE, --handshake HANDSHAKE
                        handshake baud rate (default: 2400)
  -o OPTION, --option OPTION
                        set option (can be used multiple times, see
                        documentation)
  -t TRIM, --trim TRIM  RC oscillator frequency in kHz (STC15+ series only)
  -D, --debug           enable debug output
  -V, --version         print version info and exit

Most importantly, -p sets the serial port to be used for programming.

Transfer baud rate

The default value of 115200 Baud is supported by all MCU starting with the STC15 family, and at least the STC12C5A56S2 before that. For older MCU, you might have to use -b 19200 for correct operation.

Protocols

STC MCUs use a variety of related but incompatible protocols for the BSL. The protocol can be specified with the -P flag. By default UART protocol autodetection is used. The mapping between protocols and MCU series is as follows:

  • auto Automatic detection of UART based protocols (default)
  • stc89 STC89/90 series
  • stc89a STC89/90 series (BSL 7.2.5C)
  • stc12a STC12x052 series and possibly others
  • stc12b STC12x52 series, STC12x56 series and possibly others
  • stc12 Most STC10/11/12 series
  • stc15a STC15x104E and STC15x204E(A) series
  • stc15 Most STC15 series
  • stc8 STC8A8K64S4A12 and STC8F series
  • stc8d All STC8 and STC32 series
  • stc8g STC8G1 and STC8H1 series
  • usb15 USB support on STC15W4 series

The text files in the doc/reverse-engineering subdirectory provide an overview over the reverse engineered protocols used by the BSLs. For more details, please read the source code.

Getting MCU information

Call stcgal without any file to program. It will dump information about the MCU, e.g.:

$ ./stcgal.py -P stc15
Waiting for MCU, please cycle power: done
Target model:
  Name: IAP15F2K61S2
  Magic: F449
  Code flash: 61.0 KB
  EEPROM flash: 0.0 KB
Target frequency: 10.046 MHz
Target BSL version: 7.1S
Target wakeup frequency: 34.771 KHz
Target options:
  reset_pin_enabled=False
  clock_source=internal
  clock_gain=high
  watchdog_por_enabled=False
  watchdog_stop_idle=True
  watchdog_prescale=256
  low_voltage_reset=True
  low_voltage_threshold=3
  eeprom_lvd_inhibit=True
  eeprom_erase_enabled=False
  bsl_pindetect_enabled=False
  por_reset_delay=long
  rstout_por_state=high
  uart2_passthrough=False
  uart2_pin_mode=normal
Disconnected!

If the identification fails, see the FAQ for troubleshooting.

Program the flash memory

stcgal supports Intel HEX encoded files as well as binary files. Intel HEX is autodetected by file extension (.hex, .ihx or .ihex).

Call stcgal just like before, but provide the path to the code image:

$ ./stcgal.py -P stc15 hello.hex
Waiting for MCU, please cycle power: done
Target model:
  Name: IAP15F2K61S2
  Magic: F449
  Code flash: 61.0 KB
  EEPROM flash: 0.0 KB
Target frequency: 10.046 MHz
Target BSL version: 7.1S
Target wakeup frequency: 34.771 KHz
Target options:
  reset_pin_enabled=False
  clock_source=internal
  clock_gain=high
  watchdog_por_enabled=False
  watchdog_stop_idle=True
  watchdog_prescale=256
  low_voltage_reset=True
  low_voltage_threshold=3
  eeprom_lvd_inhibit=True
  eeprom_erase_enabled=False
  bsl_pindetect_enabled=False
  por_reset_delay=long
  rstout_por_state=high
  uart2_passthrough=False
  uart2_pin_mode=normal
Loading flash: 80 bytes (Intel HEX)
Trimming frequency: 10.046 MHz
Switching to 19200 baud: done
Erasing flash: done
Writing 256 bytes: .... done
Setting options: done
Target UID: 0D000021022632
Disconnected!

You can also program the EEPROM part of the memory, if applicable. Add the EEPROM image path to the commandline after the flash image path.

stcgal uses a conservative baud rate of 19200 bps by default. Programming can be sped up by choosing a faster baud rate with the flag -b.

Device options

stcgal dumps a number of target options. These can be modified as well. Provide one (or more) -o flags followed by a key-value pair on the commandline to adjust these settings. For instance, you can enable the external crystal as clock source:

$ ./stcgal.py -P stc15 -o clock_source=external hello.bin

Please note that device options can only be set when flash memory is programmed!

Option keys

Not all parts support all options. The protocols or parts that support each option are listed in the description.

Option key Possible values Protocols/Models Description
cpu_6t_enabled true/false STC89 only 6T fast mode
bsl_pindetect_enabled true/false All BSL only enabled when P3.2/P3.3 or P1.0/P1.1 (depends on model) are low
eeprom_erase_enabled true/false All Erase EEPROM with next programming cycle
clock_gain low/high All with XTAL pins Clock gain for external crystal
ale_enabled true/false STC89 only ALE pin enabled if true, normal GPIO if false
xram_enabled true/false STC89 only Use internal XRAM (STC89 only)
watchdog_por_enabled true/false All Watchdog state after power-on reset (POR)
low_voltage_reset low/high STC12A/STC12 Low-voltage reset level (low: ~3.3V, high: ~3.7V)
low_voltage_reset true/false STC12 Enable RESET2 pin low voltage detect
low_voltage_reset true/false STC15A Enable low-voltage reset (brownout)
clock_source internal/external STC12A+ with XTAL Use internal (RC) or external (crystal) clock
watchdog_stop_idle true/false STC12A+ Stop watchdog in IDLE mode
watchdog_prescale 2,4,8,...,256 STC12A+ Watchdog timer prescaler, must be a power of two.
reset_pin_enabled true/false STC12+ RESET pin enabled if true, normal GPIO if false
oscillator_stable_delay 4096,...,32768 STC11F series only Crystal stabilization delay in clocks. Must be a power of two.
por_reset_delay short/long STC12+ Power-on reset (POR) delay
low_voltage_threshold 0...7 STC15A+ Low-voltage detection threshold. Model specific.
eeprom_lvd_inhibit true/false STC15A+ Ignore EEPROM writes in low-voltage situations
rstout_por_state low/high STC15+ RSTOUT/RSTSV pin state after power-on reset
uart1_remap true/false STC8 Remap UART1 pins (P3.0/P3.1) to UART2 pins (P3.6/P3.7)
uart2_passthrough true/false STC15+ Pass-through UART1 to UART2 pins (for single-wire UART mode)
uart2_pin_mode push-pull/normal STC15+ Output mode of UART2 TX pin
cpu_core_voltage low/mid/high STC15W+ CPU core voltage (low: ~2.7V, mid: ~3.3V, high: ~3.6V)
epwm_open_drain true/false STC8 Use open-drain pin mode for EPWM pins after power-on reset
program_eeprom_split 512 - 65024 STC8A8 w/ 64 KB Select split between code flash and EEPROM flash (in 512 byte blocks)

Frequency trimming

If the internal RC oscillator is used (clock_source=internal), stcgal can execute a trim procedure to adjust it to a given value. This is only supported by STC15 series and newer. The trim values are stored with device options. Use the -t flag to request trimming to a certain value. Generally, frequencies between 4000 and 30000 kHz can be achieved. If trimming fails, stcgal will abort.

Automatic power-cycling

STC's microcontrollers require a power-on reset to invoke the bootloader, which can be inconvenient. stcgal can use the DTR control signal of a serial interface to automate this. The DTR signal is asserted for approximately 500 ms when the autoreset feature is enabled with the -a flag. This requires external circuitry to actually switch the power. In some cases, when the microcontroller draws only little power, it is possible to directly supply power from the DTR signal.

As an alternative to DTR, you can use a custom shell command or an external script (via -r option) to reset the device. You should specify the command along with -a option. Do not forget the quotes!

Example:

  $ ./stcgal.py -P stc15 -a -r "echo 1 > /sys/class/gpio/gpio666/value"

or

  $ ./stcgal.py -P stc15 -a -r "./powercycle.sh"

Exit status

The exit status is 0 if no error occured while executing stcgal. Any error, such as a protocol error or I/O error, results in an exit status of 1. If the the user aborted stcgal by pressing CTRL-C, that results in an exit status of 2.

USB support

STC15W4 series have an USB-based BSL that can be optionally used. USB support in stcgal is experimental and might change in the future. USB mode is enabled by using the usb15 protocol. The port (-p) flag as well as the baudrate options are ignored for the USB protocol. RC frequency trimming is not supported.