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grml-cheatcodes.txt
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grml-cheatcodes.txt
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CHEATCODES AND HINTS FOR GRML
==============================================================================
Isolinux bootprompt options:
----------------------------
These options work from the isolinux bootprompt of Grml based (live) systems.
(Do NOT use them as 'grml $OPTION', use them as '$OPTION'!):
grml Use default settings (same as just pressing return)
grml2ram Copy Grml's squashfs file to RAM and
run from there (compare with 'grml toram')
memtest Run Memtest86+ instead of Linux
fb1280x1024 Use fixed framebuffer graphics (1)
fb1024x768 Use fixed framebuffer graphics (2) [notice: Grml's default]
fb800x600 Use fixed framebuffer graphics (3)
nofb Disable framebuffer
floppy Boot from floppydisk
hd / hd1 / hd2 / hd3 Boot from (local) primary / secondary /... harddisk
debug Get shells during process of booting for debugging
forensic Do not touch any harddisks during hardware recognition
serial Activate ttyS0 and start a getty
grub Boot Grub bootloader (special all-in-one-image)
dos Boot FreeDOS
hdt Boot Hardware Detection Tool (from syslinux project)
Further documentation regarding the boot process can be found at:
* http://git.grml.org/?p=live-initramfs-grml.git;a=blob_plain;f=manpages/live-initramfs.en.7.txt;hb=HEAD
* https://manpages.debian.org/live-boot-doc/live-boot.7.en.html
* https://manpages.debian.org/initramfs-tools-core/initramfs-tools.7.en.html
* https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.html
The following boot options can be combined.
Notice: not all of them are available on all the Grml flavours.
For example the X window system is not part of grml-small.
Regional settings:
------------------
grml lang=at|de|cn|da|es|fr|it Specify language ($LANG, $LC_ALL, $LANGUAGE - utf8) + keyboard
grml lang=nl|pl|ru|sk|tr|tw|us Specify language ($LANG, $LC_ALL, $LANGUAGE - utf8) + keyboard
grml utc Hardware Clock is set to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)
grml localtime Hardware Clock is set to local time (LOCAL), this is the default
grml tz=Europe/Vienna Use specified timezone for TZ, defaults to TZ=UTC
grml keyboard=us Use different keyboard layout
Configuration settings:
-----------------------
grml myconfig=/dev/fd0 Set the DCS dir (debs, config, scripts) to the root of this device
DCS dir defaults to the live image or a device labeled GRMLCFG
If a file /config.tbz exists, it is extracted from there.
/dev/fd0 for floppy disk
/dev/sda1 for USB-stick/first SCSI-device
grml autoconfig=SOMELABEL Set the DCS dir to the root of the device labeled with SOMELABEL.
If undefined search for a device labeled with GRMLCFG.
grml netconfig=server/config.tbz Download file and extract configuration archive
grml netscript=server/file Download and execute file
grml partconf=/dev/sda2 Copy files specified in /etc/grml/partconf from /dev/sda2
to booting grml system
grml file=foobar.tbz Use specified file as name for configuration archive
instead of the default one (config.tbz)
grml extract=/etc Extract only /etc from configuration archive,
use it in combination with myconfig or netconfig
grml persistence Enable persistency feature, more details available at
http://wiki.grml.org/doku.php?id=persistency
grml hostname=... Set hostname to given argument
grml hostname Set a random hostname
[Note: only available with releases newer than 2010.04]
grml nonetworking Do not create/overwrite /etc/network/interface during startup
grml distri=... Set distribution name to given argument. If a jpg file named like the
given distri name can be found in directory desktop on the ISO
(/cdrom/desktop/"$DISTRI") it will be taken as wallpaper for grml
grml debnet Search through local partitions for file /etc/network/interfaces,
copy /etc/network to local system and restart networking then
grml dns=8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4 Set DNS resolvers during boot and for live system.
grml ip=... Standard Linux kernel ip= boot option. Arguments:
clientip:nfsserverip:gwip:netmask:hostname:device:autoconf
Valid values for autoconf: off, on, dhcp, bootp, rarp, both.
Almost everything is optional. Most common form: ip=dhcp
grml mypath=... Add specified option into $PATH of Zsh
For example when using "grml mypath=/foobar" then /foobar
will be added to the end of $PATH inside Zsh
grml debs Install all Debian packages from the "debs" directory of your DCS
directory (see myconfig=, typically the root of your ISO image).
grml debs=path-name-wildcard Install Debian packages from DCS directory (see myconfig=,
typically the root of your ISO image). If path does not contain a
"/" the package(s) will be installed from directory "debs" of the
DCS directory instead. The "path-name-wildcard" can contain
wildcards (e.g. debs=rat* will install a packages starting with "rat"
from directory debs/).
grml scripts=path-name Execute script (defaulting to grml.sh) inside DCS dir. Path names
allowed. If path-name points to a directory, all scripts found in
the directory are executed.
grml config=path-name Unpack archive that path-name points to
grml noautoconfig Disable searching for device labeled GRMLCFG
grml nobeep Disable welcome chime, sounded before grml-quickconfig starts.
Notice: Take a look at http://grml.org/config/ and 'man 1 grml-autoconfig'
for more information regarding the configuration framework of Grml.
Booting related options:
------------------------
grml toram Copy the whole CD/medium to RAM and run from there
grml toram=filename.squashfs Copy the specified file to RAM and run from there
Usage example: grml toram=grml-medium.squashfs
Notice: grml2ram is an alias for this option which
corresponds with the grml flavour settings by default
grml bootfrom=/dev/sda1 Use the squashfs file from directory 'live' of the specified device
Setup can be done by executing:
rsync -a --progress /run/live/medium/live /media/sda1/
NOTE: you can can also use bootfrom=/dev/disk/by-label/yourlabel
(adjust yourlabel as needed), which should prevent choosing the
wrong block device (e.g. if more than one disk is present).
grml bootfrom=removable Restrict search for the live media to removable type only.
grml bootfrom=removable-usb Restrict search for the live media to usb mass storage only.
grml isofrom=[fs:][/device]/grml.iso Use specified ISO image for booting.
Useful when booting as a rescue system from a different device.
If you want to load the image from a device different from the root device
specified through the bootloader, prefix its device path to the path, like
in "/dev/sda1/grml.iso".
Internally, the initrd will mount the given device, automatically detecting
the file system.
If needed, prefix the file system separated with a colon character to
override the automatic detection, like in "reiserfs:/dev/sda1/grml.iso".
As an example, boot the according grml kernel and initrd using the
bootoptions "boot=live isofrom=btrfs:/dev/vda40/path/to/grml.iso"
NOTE: "fromiso" does the same as "isofrom", it's just there
to prevent any typing errors
NOTE: you can can also use isofrom=/dev/disk/by-label/yourlabel
(adjust yourlabel as needed), which should prevent choosing the
wrong block device (e.g. if more than one disk is present).
grml findiso=/grml_2010.12.iso Look for the specified ISO file on all disks where it usually
looks for the .squashfs file (so you don't have to know the device name
as in isofrom=....).
grml fetch=$IP/filename.squashfs Download a squashfs image from a given url, copying to ram and booting it.
[Note: releases before 2011.05 didn't support DNS but IP only.]
grml live-media-path=/live/grml... Sets the path to the live filesystem on the medium
By default, it is set to /live/$GRML_FLAVOUR/ (where $GRML_FLAVOUR
is corresponding to grml64-full, grml32-full, grml64-small,...
[Note: this option is mandatory since release 2011.12]
grml module=grml Instead of using the default "$name.module" another file can
be specified without the extension ".module"; it should be placed
on "/live" directory of the live medium
Useful for Multiboot USB pen, see
http://wiki.grml.org/doku.php?id=tips#multiboot_usb_pen
grml bootid=mybootid Use specified argument as identifier for the ISO.
mybootid is specified in /conf/bootid.txt on the ISO.
[Note: only available since release 2010.04]
grml ignore_bootid Disable bootid verification.
[Note: only available since release 2010.04]
Debugging related settings:
---------------------------
grml debug Get shells during process of booting, using GNU screen, be verbose
grml debug=1 Get shells during process of booting, using GNU screen, be verbose and
display shell code being executed in initramfs.
grml debug=noscreen Get shells during process of booting, verbose, but without using GNU screen
grml nocolor Disable colorized output while booting
Also set SYSTEMD_COLORS=0 to disable colors in systemd output
grml log Log error messages while booting to /tmp/grml.log.`date +%Y%m%d`"
and /var/log/boot
grml testcd Check CD data integrity and md5sums
Security / login related settings:
----------------------------------
grml ssh=password Set password for root & grml user and start ssh-server
grml passwd=... Set password for root & grml user
grml encpasswd=.... Set specified hash as password for root & grml user, use e.g.
'mkpasswd -H md5' to generate such a hash (available in Grml >=2013.09)
Service related settings:
-------------------------
grml startup=script Start $script instead of grml-quickconfig on startup
grml nosyslog Do not start syslog daemon
grml nogpm Disable GPM daemon
grml noconsolefont Disable setting of console font (using consolechars)
grml noblank Disable console blanking
grml noquick Disable grml-quickconfig startup script
grml wondershaper=eth0,1000,500 Set up basic traffic shaping
grml services={postfix,mysql,...} Start service(s) which have an init-script (/etc/init.d/)
grml welcome Welcome message via soundoutput
grml noeject Do NOT eject CD after halt/reboot
grml noprompt Do NOT prompt to remove the CD when halting/rebooting the system
grml startx{=windowmanager} Start X window system automatically
Default window manager (if not provided): wm-ng (wrapper around fluxbox)
grml nostartx If using startx as default bootoption the nostartx *disables* automatic
startup of X again. (This bootoption is relevant for grml based derivatives
which decide to enable startx by default only, plain grml does not use
automatic startup of X by default.)
grml vnc=password Start VNC server with startup of X.org and sets the password to the specified
one. To automatically start the VNC server use the startx bootoption.
[Note: Grml 2011.12+ doesn't include a VNC server.]
grml vnc_connect=host[:port] Connect to a listening VNC client ("vncviewer -listen" reverse connection).
Can be used to connect from devices behind firewalls as connection is
initiated from the VNC server instead of the VNC client. Has to be
combined with the vnc bootoption.
[Note: Grml 2011.12+ doesn't include a VNC client.]
grml getfile.retries=$NUM Retry the download of the files specified in the netconfig=... +
netscript=... options up to $NUM times
Accessibility related settings:
-------------------------------
grml brltty=type,port,table Parameters for Braille device (e.g.: brltty=al,/dev/ttyS0,text.de.tbl)
See http://mielke.cc/brltty/guidelines.html for documentation.
Hardware related settings:
--------------------------
grml swap Activate present/detected swap partitions
grml noswraid Disable scanning for software raid arrays (creates /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf)
grml swraid Enable automatic assembling of software raid arrays
grml nodmraid Do not enable present dmraid devices.
grml dmraid=on Automatically enable any present dmraid devices.
grml dmraid=off Actively try to stop any present dmraid devices.
grml nolvm Disable scanning for Logical Volumes (LVM)
grml lvm Automatically activate Logival Volumes (LVM) during boot
grml read-only Make sure all harddisk devices (/dev/hd* /dev/sd*) are forced to read-only mode
grml ethdevice=... Use specified network device for network boot instead of default (eth0)
grml ethdevice-timeout=... Use specified network configuration timeout instead of default (15sec)
grml xmodule=ati|fbdev|i810|mga Use specified X.org-Module (1)
grml xmodule=nv|radeon|savage|s3 Use specified X.org-Module (2)
grml xmodule=radeon|svga|i810 Use specified X.org-Module (3)
grml no{acpi,cpu,dhcp,fstab,swap} Skip parts of HW-detection
grml blacklist=modulename[,module2] Completely disable loading of specified module(s) via
blacklisting through udev's /etc/modprobe.d/grml
grml nosound Mute sound devices (notice: this does not deactivate loading of sound drivers!)
grml vol=number Set mixer volumes to level $number
grml micvol=number Set mixer volume of microphone to level $number (default: 0)
grml acpi=off Disable ACPI Bios completely
grml pci=irqmask=0x0e98 Try this, if PS/2 mouse doesn't work *)
grml pci=bios Workaround for bad PCI controllers
grml libata.force=[ID:]VAL Force configurations for libata.
Usage example: grml libata.force=1:pio4
to force pio4 mode on device "ata1:00:"
grml libata.dma=0 Disable DMA on PATA and SATA devices
grml libata.ignore_hpa=1 Disable host protected area (which should enable the whole disk)
grml vga=normal No-framebuffer mode (does not influence X)
grml vga=ask Display menu for framebuffer mode
grml radeon.modeset=0 nomodeset Disable Kernel Mode Setting (KMS) for Radeon driver.
grml i915.modeset=0 nomodeset Disable Kernel Mode Setting (KMS) for Intel driver.
grml nouveau.modeset=0 nomodeset Disable Kernel Mode Setting (KMS) for Nouveau driver.
grml cirrus.modeset=0 nomodeset Disable Kernel Mode Setting (KMS) for Cirrus driver.
grml mgag200.modeset=0 nomodeset Disable Kernel Mode Setting (KMS) for MGAG200 driver.
Installation related settings:
------------------------------
Caution: do *NOT* use the debian2hd bootoption if you do not know what you are doing!
Install plain Debian via debian2hd bootoption (which runs grml-debootstrap in non-interactive mode):
debian2hd <options> ... whereas valid options for debian2hd are:
target= target partition/directory of the new Debian system, e.g.: target=/dev/sda1
grub= where to install grub to, e.g.: grub=/dev/sda
release= specify release of new Debian system (default is stable), e.g.: release=sid
mirror= specify mirror for apt-get/aptitude, e,g.: mirror=http://ftp.debian.org/debian
password= set passwort of user root without prompting for it, e.g.: password=AiTh5ahn
Usage example for automatic installation:
debian2hd target=/dev/sda1 grub=/dev/sda mirror=http://ftp.debian.org/debian password=foobar
See http://grml.org/grml-debootstrap/ for more information.
Additional notes:
-----------------
*) If your Grml-CD makes strange noises during boot, or you see frequent
errors like "squashfs: read error", or programs are crashing randomly,
then your CD image is probably defective or incomplete, your CD-burner
created a defective CD due to wrong writing speed or bad media or your
CD-ROM drive is broken. This is the most common error reported. Please
boot with "grml testcd" to check if the CD is OK, and/or even better,
verify the MD5 checksums that are present on the mirrors before writing
the CD. Check your CD low-level via running 'readcd -c2scan
dev=/dev/cdrom'. In some cases, defective IDE controllers cause this
error if you have DMA enabled. Also, please read the grml-FAQ.
*) In case of a failing hardware autodetection, try booting with any of
the "no-" options as shown in the table above, like in
grml noagp noapic acpi=off nodma
to skip some critical parts of the autodetection system.
*) The "myconfig=/dev/partition" option allows you to reconfigure the
system after autoconfiguration by running a bourne shell script called
"grml.sh" and/or extracting configuration files from a file named
config.tbz from the root directory on the given device (or floppy).
Take a look at http://grml.org/config/ for more information regarding
the configuration framework of grml.
*) If you wish to remaster the CD, please don't forget to specify
-no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table \
-b boot/isolinux/isolinux.bin -c boot/isolinux/boot.cat
as option to mkisofs. Otherwise your CD won't be bootable. The
directory live, containing the squashfs compressed filesystem file,
must be located in the top level directory of the CD.
*) Caution: screensavers: Don't start physlock or any other screensaver
that requires a password manually. There are no default passwords on
the live system - all accounts are LOCKED by default for security reasons.
Instead just invoke the script grml-lock which prompts for setting a
password.
# EOF