Hagihara, H., Yamamoto, N., Meng, S., Sakata, C., Wang, J., Watanabe R., & Moriguchi, Y. (2022). COVID-19 school and kindergarten closure relates to children's social relationships: a longitudinal study in Japan. Scientific Reports, 12, 814. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-04944-2
- 0_situationInJapan
- Data and R scripts to visualize the correspondence between the spread of COVID-19 in Japan and time points of data collection (Figure 1)
- 1_preprocessing
- R scripts to analyze the sample characteristics (Table 1)
- 2_AnalysisOfSocialLives
- R scripts to analyze children's social lives (Figure 2)
- 3_AnalysisOfSDQ
- R scripts to analyze children's social behavior using SDQ (Figure 3 & Table 2)
- 4_AnalysisOfIOS
- R scripts to analyze children's perceived closeness to others using IOS (Figure 4)
- data.csv
- Dataset used in the folders from 1 to 4
| label | description |
|---|---|
| id | Participants' IDs |
| time | Time when data were collected (i.e., T1, T2, and T3) |
| res_gender | Caregivers' gender (2 = female, 1 = male) |
| res_age | Caregivers' age in years (only T1 and T2) |
| ch_ageY | Children's age in years (only T1 and T2) |
| ch_ageM | Children's age in months (only T1 and T2) |
| ch_gender | Children's gender (2 = girl, 1 = boy) |
| school | Classification of children (i.e., infants, preschoolers, and schoolers) |
| fa_num | The number of family members |
| sib_num | The number of siblings |
| education | Caregivers' education level, which was graded from 1 (less than high school) to 5 (graduate level) |
| conduct | Score of conduct problems in SDQ |
| hyperactive | Score of hyperactivity in SDQ |
| emotional | Score of emotional symptoms in SDQ |
| peer | Score of peer problems in SDQ |
| prosocial | Score of prosocial behavior in SDQ |
| sdq_sum | Total Difficulties Score (TDS) in SDQ, which is calculated by summing each score of emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity, and peer problems (prosocial behavior is not included!) |
| ch_sh | Days spent by children being at home and not going to schools or kindergartens per week |
| ios_cg | IOS score towards caregivers |
| ios_oth | IOS score towards others such as peers |
| scr_time | Screen time of children (hours per day), which is calculated by summing scr_passive and scr_interactive columns |
| outside_playing | Hours spent by children playing outside per day |
| lessons | Hours spent by children taking lessons or classes other than formal schooling per day |
| excludeT1T2 | Whether children participating at T1 retained participation at T2 |
| excludeT2T3 | Whether children participating at T2 retained participation at T3 |
If you have any questions, please email at moriguchi.yusuke.8s(AT)kyoto-u.ac.jp or hiromichi.h(AT)gmail.com (please replace (AT) with @).