Backport of NET-3860 - [Supportability] consul troubleshoot CLI for verifying ports into release/1.16.x

[hc-github-team-consul-core]

Backport

This PR is auto-generated from #18329 to be assessed for backporting due to the inclusion of the label backport/1.16.

🚨

Warning automatic cherry-pick of commits failed. If the first commit failed,
you will see a blank no-op commit below. If at least one commit succeeded, you
will see the cherry-picked commits up to, not including, the commit where
the merge conflict occurred.

The person who merged in the original PR is:
@absolutelightning
This person should manually cherry-pick the original PR into a new backport PR,
and close this one when the manual backport PR is merged in.

merge conflict error: unable to process merge commit: "307d7ffb3f2f49780a7658bcbdbc38c3d258d82c", automatic backport requires rebase workflow

The below text is copied from the body of the original PR.

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Description

Adds command consul troubleshoot ports

asheshvidyut@absolutelightning-H2GX766V9T ~/consul (NET-3860) » export CONSUL_HTTP_ADDR=localhost
asheshvidyut@absolutelightning-H2GX766V9T ~/consul (NET-3860) » ./bin/consul troubleshoot ports
TCP: Port 8600 on localhost is open.
TCP: Port 8503 on localhost is open.
TCP: Port 8501 on localhost is closed, unreachable, or the connection timed out.
TCP: Port 8300 on localhost is open.
TCP: Port 8301 on localhost is open.
TCP: Port 8502 on localhost is open.
TCP: Port 8500 on localhost is open.
TCP: Port 8302 on localhost is open.
asheshvidyut@absolutelightning-H2GX766V9T ~/consul (NET-3860) » ./bin/consul troubleshoot ports -host localhost -ports 4646,4747,8888,8500
TCP: Port 8500 on localhost is open.
TCP: Port 4747 on localhost is closed, unreachable, or the connection timed out.
TCP: Port 8888 on localhost is closed, unreachable, or the connection timed out.
TCP: Port 4646 on localhost is closed, unreachable, or the connection timed out.
asheshvidyut@absolutelightning-H2GX766V9T ~/consul (NET-3860) » ./bin/consul troubleshoot ports -host localhost
TCP: Port 8503 on localhost is open.
TCP: Port 8500 on localhost is open.
TCP: Port 8302 on localhost is open.
TCP: Port 8502 on localhost is open.
TCP: Port 8600 on localhost is open.
TCP: Port 8300 on localhost is open.
TCP: Port 8501 on localhost is closed, unreachable, or the connection timed out.
TCP: Port 8301 on localhost is open.

UDP connection is not testable. Here are the answers for that -
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/62608339/golang-check-udp-port-open

PR Checklist

• updated test coverage
• external facing docs updated
• appropriate backport labels added
• not a security concern

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Overview of commits

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[github-team-consul-core-pr-approver]

Auto approved Consul Bot automated PR

[absolutelightning]

Closing this as opening -#19836