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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=latin1">
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td.linenos { background-color: #f0f0f0; padding-right: 10px; }
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<body>
<h2></h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="c">#!/usr/bin/env python</span>
<span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="sd">=====================================</span>
<span class="sd">PEP 20 (The Zen of Python) by example</span>
<span class="sd">=====================================</span>
<span class="sd">Usage: %prog</span>
<span class="sd">:Author: Hunter Blanks, hblanks@artifex.org / hblanks@monetate.com</span>
<span class="sd">:Date: 2011-02-08 for PhillyPUG/philly.rb, revised 2011-02-10</span>
<span class="sd">Sources:</span>
<span class="sd"> - http://artifex.org/~hblanks/talks/2011/pep20_by_example.pdf</span>
<span class="sd"> - http://artifex.org/~hblanks/talks/2011/pep20_by_example.html</span>
<span class="sd"> - http://artifex.org/~hblanks/talks/2011/pep20_by_example.py.txt</span>
<span class="sd">Dependencies for PDF output:</span>
<span class="sd"> - Pygments 1.4</span>
<span class="sd"> - pdflatex & the usual mess of latex packages</span>
<span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">__future__</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">with_statement</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">sys</span>
<span class="c">################################ preface ###############################</span>
<span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="sd"> "In his wisdom and in his Molisan poverty, Officer Ingravallo,</span>
<span class="sd"> who seemed to live on silence... , in his wisdom, he sometimes</span>
<span class="sd"> interrupted this silence and this sleep to enunciate some</span>
<span class="sd"> theoretical idea (a general idea, that is) on the affairs of men,</span>
<span class="sd"> and of women. At first sight, or rather, on first hearing, these</span>
<span class="sd"> seemed banalities. They weren't banalities. And so, those rapid</span>
<span class="sd"> declarations, which crackled on his lips like the sudden</span>
<span class="sd"> illumination of a sulphur match, were revived in the ears of people</span>
<span class="sd"> at a distance of hours, or of months, from their enunciation: as if</span>
<span class="sd"> after a mysterious period of incubation. 'That's right!' the person</span>
<span class="sd"> in question admitted, 'That's exactly what Ingravallo said to me.'"</span>
<span class="sd"> - Carlo Emilio Gadda, *That Awful Mess on the Via Merulana*</span>
<span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="c">################################# text #################################</span>
<span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="sd">The Zen of Python, by Tim Peters</span>
<span class="sd">Beautiful is better than ugly.</span>
<span class="sd">Explicit is better than implicit.</span>
<span class="sd">Simple is better than complex.</span>
<span class="sd">Complex is better than complicated.</span>
<span class="sd">Flat is better than nested.</span>
<span class="sd">Sparse is better than dense.</span>
<span class="sd">Readability counts.</span>
<span class="sd">Special cases aren't special enough to break the rules.</span>
<span class="sd">Although practicality beats purity.</span>
<span class="sd">Errors should never pass silently.</span>
<span class="sd">Unless explicitly silenced.</span>
<span class="sd">In the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess.</span>
<span class="sd">There should be one-- and preferably only one --obvious way to do it.</span>
<span class="sd">Although that way may not be obvious at first unless you're Dutch.</span>
<span class="sd">Now is better than never.</span>
<span class="sd">Although never is often better than *right* now.</span>
<span class="sd">If the implementation is hard to explain, it's a bad idea.</span>
<span class="sd">If the implementation is easy to explain, it may be a good idea.</span>
<span class="sd">Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!</span>
<span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="c">################################### 1 ##################################</span>
<span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="sd">Give me a function that takes a list of numbers and returns only the</span>
<span class="sd">even ones, divided by two.</span>
<span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="c">#-----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="n">halve_evens_only</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">lambda</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">map</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">lambda</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">filter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">lambda</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="c">#-----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">halve_evens_only</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">nums</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="c">#-----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="k">print</span> <span class="s">'Beautiful is better than ugly.'</span>
<span class="c">################################## 2 ###################################</span>
<span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="sd">Load the cat, dog, and mouse models so we can edit instances of them.</span>
<span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">load</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">menagerie.cat.models</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="o">*</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">menagerie.dog.models</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="o">*</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">menagerie.mouse.models</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="o">*</span>
<span class="c">#-----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">load</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">menagerie.models</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">cat</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">cat_models</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">menagerie.models</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">dog</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">dog_models</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">menagerie.models</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">mouse</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">mouse_models</span>
<span class="c">#-----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="k">print</span> <span class="s">'Explicit is better than implicit.'</span>
<span class="c">################################### 3 ##################################</span>
<span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="sd">Can you write out these measurements to disk?</span>
<span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="n">measurements</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
<span class="p">{</span><span class="s">'weight'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mf">392.3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'color'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">'purple'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'temperature'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mf">33.4</span><span class="p">},</span>
<span class="p">{</span><span class="s">'weight'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mf">34.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'color'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">'green'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'temperature'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">3.1</span><span class="p">},</span>
<span class="p">]</span>
<span class="c">#-----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">store</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">measurements</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">sqlalchemy</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">sqlalchemy.types</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">sqltypes</span>
<span class="n">db</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">sqlalchemy</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">create_engine</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'sqlite:///measurements.db'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">echo</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">False</span>
<span class="n">metadata</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">sqlalchemy</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">MetaData</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">table</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">sqlalchemy</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'measurements'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">metadata</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">sqlalchemy</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'id'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sqltypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">primary_key</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="n">sqlalchemy</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'weight'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sqltypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Float</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="n">sqlalchemy</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'temperature'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sqltypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Float</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="n">sqlalchemy</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'color'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sqltypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">32</span><span class="p">)),</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">table</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">create</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">checkfirst</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">measurement</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">measurements</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">table</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">insert</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">i</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">measurement</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c">#-----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">store</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">measurements</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">json</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'measurements.json'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'w'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">json</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dumps</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">measurements</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="c">#-----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="k">print</span> <span class="s">'Simple is better than complex.'</span>
<span class="c">################################### 4 ##################################</span>
<span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="sd">Can you write out those same measurements to a MySQL DB? I think we're</span>
<span class="sd">gonna have some measurements with multiple colors next week, by the way.</span>
<span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="c">#-----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">store</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">measurements</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">sqlalchemy</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">sqlalchemy.types</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">sqltypes</span>
<span class="n">db</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">create_engine</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s">'mysql://user:password@localhost/db?charset=utf8&use_unicode=1'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">echo</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">False</span>
<span class="n">metadata</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">sqlalchemy</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">MetaData</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">table</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">sqlalchemy</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'measurements'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">metadata</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">sqlalchemy</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'id'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sqltypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">primary_key</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="n">sqlalchemy</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'weight'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sqltypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Float</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="n">sqlalchemy</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'temperature'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sqltypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Float</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="n">sqlalchemy</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'color'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sqltypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">32</span><span class="p">)),</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">table</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">create</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">checkfirst</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">measurement</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">measurements</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">table</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">insert</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">i</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">measurement</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c">#-----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">store</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">measurements</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">MySQLdb</span>
<span class="n">db</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">MySQLdb</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">connect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">user</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'user'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">passwd</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"password"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">host</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'localhost'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"db"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"""</span>
<span class="s"> CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS measurements</span>
<span class="s"> id int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,</span>
<span class="s"> weight float,</span>
<span class="s"> temperature float,</span>
<span class="s"> color varchar(32)</span>
<span class="s"> PRIMARY KEY id</span>
<span class="s"> ENGINE=InnoDB CHARSET=utf8</span>
<span class="s"> """</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">insert_sql</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s">"INSERT INTO measurements (weight, temperature, color) "</span>
<span class="s">"VALUES (</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s">, </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s">, </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s">)"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">measurement</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">measurements</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">insert_sql</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">measurement</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'weight'</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">measurement</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'temperature'</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">measurement</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'color'</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c">#-----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="k">print</span> <span class="s">'Complex is better than complicated.'</span>
<span class="c">################################### 5 ##################################</span>
<span class="sd">"""Identify this animal. """</span>
<span class="c">#-----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">identify</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">animal</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">animal</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_vertebrate</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">noise</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">animal</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">poke</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">noise</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">'moo'</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="s">'cow'</span>
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">noise</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">'woof'</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="s">'dog'</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">animal</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_multicellular</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="s">'Bug!'</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">animal</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_fungus</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="s">'Yeast'</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="s">'Amoeba'</span>
<span class="c">#-----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">identify</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">animal</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">animal</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_vertebrate</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">identify_vertebrate</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">identify_invertebrate</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">identify_vertebrate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">animal</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">noise</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">animal</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">poke</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">noise</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">'moo'</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="s">'cow'</span>
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">noise</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">'woof'</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="s">'dog'</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">identify_invertebrate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">animal</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">animal</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_multicellular</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="s">'Bug!'</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">animal</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_fungus</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="s">'Yeast'</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="s">'Amoeba'</span>
<span class="c">#-----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="k">print</span> <span class="s">'Flat is better than nested.'</span>
<span class="c">################################### 6 ##################################</span>
<span class="sd">""" Parse an HTTP response object, yielding back new requests or data. """</span>
<span class="c">#-----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">process</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">response</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">selector</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">lxml</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cssselect</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CSSSelector</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'#main > div.text'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">lx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">lxml</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">html</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fromstring</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">response</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">body</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">title</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">lx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'./head/title'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">text</span>
<span class="n">links</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">attrib</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'href'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">lx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'./a'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="s">'href'</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">a</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">attrib</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">link</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">links</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">yield</span> <span class="n">Request</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">url</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">link</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">divs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">selector</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">lx</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">divs</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="k">yield</span> <span class="n">Item</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">utils</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lx_to_text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">divs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]))</span>
<span class="c">#-----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">process</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">response</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">lx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">lxml</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">html</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fromstring</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">response</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">body</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">title</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">lx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'./head/title'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">text</span>
<span class="n">links</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">attrib</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'href'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">lx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'./a'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="s">'href'</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">a</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">attrib</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">link</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">links</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">yield</span> <span class="n">Request</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">url</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">link</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">selector</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">lxml</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cssselect</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CSSSelector</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'#main > div.text'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">divs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">selector</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">lx</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">divs</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">bodytext</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">utils</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lx_to_text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">divs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="k">yield</span> <span class="n">Item</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bodytext</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c">#-----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="k">print</span> <span class="s">'Sparse is better than dense.'</span>
<span class="c">################################### 7 ##################################</span>
<span class="sd">""" Write out the tests for a factorial function. """</span>
<span class="c">#-----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">factorial</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="sd"> Return the factorial of n, an exact integer >= 0.</span>
<span class="sd"> >>> [factorial(n) for n in range(6)]</span>
<span class="sd"> [1, 1, 2, 6, 24, 120]</span>
<span class="sd"> >>> factorial(30)</span>
<span class="sd"> 265252859812191058636308480000000L</span>
<span class="sd"> >>> factorial(-1)</span>
<span class="sd"> Traceback (most recent call last):</span>
<span class="sd"> ...</span>
<span class="sd"> ValueError: n must be >= 0</span>
<span class="sd"> """</span>
<span class="k">pass</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">__name__</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">'__main__'</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="s">'--test'</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">doctest</span>
<span class="n">doctest</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">testmod</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c">#-----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">unittest</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">factorial</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">pass</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">FactorialTests</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">unittest</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">TestCase</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_ints</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">assertEqual</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">factorial</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">)],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">24</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">120</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_long</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">assertEqual</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">factorial</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="il">265252859812191058636308480000000L</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_negative_error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">assertRaises</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ne">ValueError</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">factorial</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">__name__</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">'__main__'</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="s">'--test'</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">unittest</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">main</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c">#-----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="k">print</span> <span class="s">'Readability counts.'</span>
<span class="c">################################# 8 & 9 ################################</span>
<span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="sd">Write a function that returns another functions. Also, test floating point.</span>
<span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="c">#-----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">make_counter</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">count</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="sd">""" Increments a count and returns it. """</span>
<span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">i</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">count</span>
<span class="n">count</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">make_counter</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="nb">hasattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">count</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'__name__'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c"># No anonymous functions!</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="nb">hasattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">count</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'__doc__'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'0.20000000000000007'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mf">1.1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mf">0.9</span> <span class="c"># (this is platform dependent)</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="mf">0.2</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mf">1.1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mf">0.9</span> <span class="c"># Not special enough to break the rules of floating pt.</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">repr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mf">0.9</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mf">1.1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mf">0.9</span>
<span class="c">#-----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">make_adder</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">addend</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="k">lambda</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">addend</span> <span class="c"># But lambdas, once in a while, are practical.</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mf">0.9</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">'0.2'</span> <span class="c"># as may be rounding off floating point errors</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="nb">round</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="nb">round</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mf">0.9</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c">#-----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="k">print</span> <span class="s">"Special cases aren't special enough to break the rules."</span>
<span class="k">print</span> <span class="s">'Although practicality beats purity.'</span>
<span class="c">################################ 10 & 11 ###############################</span>
<span class="sd">""" Import whatever json library is available. """</span>
<span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">json</span>
<span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">ImportError</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">simplejson</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">json</span>
<span class="k">except</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">print</span> <span class="s">'Unable to find json module!'</span>
<span class="k">raise</span>
<span class="c">#-----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="k">print</span> <span class="s">'Errors should never pass silently'</span>
<span class="k">print</span> <span class="s">'Unless explicitly silenced.'</span>
<span class="c">################################## 12 ##################################</span>
<span class="sd">""" Store an HTTP request in the database. """</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">process</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">response</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">store</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">url</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">response</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">body</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c">#-----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">process</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">response</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">charset</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">detect_charset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">response</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">store</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">url</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">response</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">body</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">decode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">charset</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">print</span> <span class="s">'In the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess.'</span>
<span class="c">################################## 13 ##################################</span>
<span class="c"># Example 1</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="nb">hasattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">__builtins__</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'map'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c"># ('map' in __builtins__) raises TypeError</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="nb">hasattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">__builtins__</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'collect'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c"># Example 2</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">fibonacci_generator</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">prior</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">current</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="k">while</span> <span class="n">current</span> <span class="o"><</span> <span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">yield</span> <span class="n">prior</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">current</span>
<span class="n">prior</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">current</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">current</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">current</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">prior</span>
<span class="n">sequences</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
<span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="p">{</span><span class="s">'foo'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'fie'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">},</span>
<span class="n">fibonacci_generator</span><span class="p">(),</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">sequence</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">sequences</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">item</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">sequence</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="c"># all sequences iterate the same way</span>
<span class="k">pass</span>
<span class="c">#-----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="k">print</span> <span class="s">'There should be one, and preferably only one way to do it.'</span>
<span class="k">print</span> <span class="s">"Although that way may not be obvious at first unless you're Dutch."</span>
<span class="c">################################## 14 ##################################</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">obsolete_func</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">PendingDeprecationWarning</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">deprecated_func</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">DeprecationWarning</span>
<span class="k">print</span> <span class="s">'Now is better than never'</span>
<span class="k">print</span> <span class="s">'Although never is often better than *right* now.'</span>
<span class="c">################################## 15 ##################################</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">hard</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="c"># Example 1</span>
<span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">twisted</span>
<span class="n">help</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">twisted</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c"># (this may not be as hard as I think, though)</span>
<span class="k">except</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">pass</span>
<span class="c"># Example 2</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">xml.dom.minidom</span>
<span class="n">document</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">xml</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dom</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">minidom</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parseString</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="sd">'''<menagerie><cat>Fluffers</cat><cat>Cisco</cat></menagerie>'''</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">menagerie</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">document</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">childNodes</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">node</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">menagerie</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">childNodes</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">childNodes</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nodeValue</span><span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">'Cisco'</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tagName</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">'cat'</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">node</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">easy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">maybe</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="c"># Example 1</span>
<span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">gevent</span>
<span class="n">help</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gevent</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">except</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">pass</span>
<span class="c"># Example 2</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">lxml</span>
<span class="n">menagerie</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">lxml</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">etree</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fromstring</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="sd">'''<menagerie><cat>Fluffers</cat><cat>Cisco</cat></menagerie>'''</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">pet</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">menagerie</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'./cat'</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">pet</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">'Cisco'</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">pet</span>
<span class="k">print</span> <span class="s">"If the implementation is hard to explain, it's a bad idea."</span>
<span class="k">print</span> <span class="s">'If the implementation is easy to explain, it may be a good idea.'</span>
<span class="c">################################## 16 ##################################</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">chase</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">menagerie.models.cat</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">cat</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">menagerie.models.dog</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">dog</span>
<span class="n">dog</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">chase</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cat</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">cat</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">chase</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mouse</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">print</span> <span class="s">"Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!"</span>
<span class="c">############################### Readings ###############################</span>
<span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="sd"> - Peters, Tim. PEP 20, "The Zen of Python".</span>
<span class="sd"> - Raymond, Eric. *The Art of Unix Programming*.</span>
<span class="sd"> (http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/taoup/)</span>
<span class="sd"> - Alchin, Marty. *Pro Python*.</span>
<span class="sd"> - Ramblings on </span>
<span class="sd"> http://stackoverflow.com/questions/228181/the-zen-of-python</span>
<span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="c">############################## main block ##############################</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">optparse</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">OptionParser</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">os</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">re</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">subprocess</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">sys</span>
<span class="n">parser</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">OptionParser</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">usage</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">__doc__</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_option</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'-v'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dest</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'verbose'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">action</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'store_true'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">help</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'Verbose output'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">header_pat</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">re</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">compile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">r'^</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s">PY\{c\}\{'</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s">r'</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s">PYZsh\{\}'</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">yield_altered_lines</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">latex</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="sd"> Adds page breaks and page layout to our pygments file. Blah.</span>
<span class="sd"> """</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">line</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">latex</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">splitlines</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">line</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">r'\documentclass{article}'</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">yield</span> <span class="n">line</span>
<span class="k">yield</span> <span class="s">r'\usepackage{geometry}'</span>
<span class="k">yield</span> <span class="s">r'\geometry{letterpaper,landscape,margin=0.25in}'</span>
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">line</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">r'\begin{document}'</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">yield</span> <span class="n">line</span>
<span class="k">yield</span> <span class="s">r'\large'</span>
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">header_pat</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">search</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">line</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">yield</span> <span class="s">r'\end{Verbatim}'</span>
<span class="k">yield</span> <span class="s">r'\pagebreak'</span>
<span class="k">yield</span> <span class="s">r'\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s">\{\}]'</span>
<span class="k">yield</span> <span class="n">line</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">yield</span> <span class="n">line</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">__name__</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">'__main__'</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">print</span>
<span class="n">options</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">args</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse_args</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">options</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">verbose</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">errout</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stderr</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">errout</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'/tmp/pep20.log'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'w'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="c"># TODO: pygmentize in Python instead of farming it out</span>
<span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">subprocess</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Popen</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'pygmentize'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'-f'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'latex'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'-l'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'python'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s">'-O'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'full'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]),</span>
<span class="n">stdout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">subprocess</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PIPE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">stderr</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">errout</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">output</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">err</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">communicate</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">returncode</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'pygmentize exited with </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s">'</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">returncode</span>
<span class="n">p2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">subprocess</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Popen</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'pygmentize'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'-f'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'html'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'-l'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'python'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s">'-O'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'full'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'-o'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'pep20_by_example.html'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]),</span>
<span class="n">stdout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">errout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">stderr</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">errout</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">p2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">communicate</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">p2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">returncode</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'pygmentize exited with </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s">'</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">p2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">returncode</span>
<span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">OSError</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">print</span> <span class="o">>></span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'Failed to run pygmentize: </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s">'</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">AssertionError</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">print</span> <span class="n">e</span>
<span class="n">altered_output</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">'</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">'</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">l</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">l</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">yield_altered_lines</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">output</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">subprocess</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Popen</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="s">'pdflatex'</span><span class="p">,),</span>
<span class="n">stdin</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">subprocess</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PIPE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">stdout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">errout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">stderr</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">errout</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">communicate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">altered_output</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">returncode</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'pdflatex exited with </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s">'</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">returncode</span>
<span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">OSError</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">print</span> <span class="o">>></span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'Failed to run pygmentize: </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s">'</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">AssertionError</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">print</span> <span class="n">e</span>
<span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rename</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'texput.pdf'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'pep20_by_example.pdf'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">errout</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</body>
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