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# Default Pint constants definition file | ||
# Based on the International System of Units | ||
# Language: english | ||
# Source: https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/ | ||
# https://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/XrayTrans/Html/search.html | ||
# :copyright: 2013,2019 by Pint Authors, see AUTHORS for more details. | ||
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#### MATHEMATICAL CONSTANTS #### | ||
# As computed by Maxima with fpprec:50 | ||
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pi = 3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751 = π # pi | ||
tansec = 4.8481368111333441675396429478852851658848753880815e-6 # tangent of 1 arc-second ~ arc_second/radian | ||
ln10 = 2.3025850929940456840179914546843642076011014886288 # natural logarithm of 10 | ||
wien_x = 4.9651142317442763036987591313228939440555849867973 # solution to (x-5)*exp(x)+5 = 0 => x = W(5/exp(5))+5 | ||
wien_u = 2.8214393721220788934031913302944851953458817440731 # solution to (u-3)*exp(u)+3 = 0 => u = W(3/exp(3))+3 | ||
eulers_number = 2.71828182845904523536028747135266249775724709369995 | ||
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#### DEFINED EXACT CONSTANTS #### | ||
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speed_of_light = 299792458 m/s = c = c_0 # since 1983 | ||
planck_constant = 6.62607015e-34 J s = ℎ # since May 2019 | ||
elementary_charge = 1.602176634e-19 C = e # since May 2019 | ||
avogadro_number = 6.02214076e23 # since May 2019 | ||
boltzmann_constant = 1.380649e-23 J K^-1 = k = k_B # since May 2019 | ||
standard_gravity = 9.80665 m/s^2 = g_0 = g0 = g_n = gravity # since 1901 | ||
standard_atmosphere = 1.01325e5 Pa = atm = atmosphere # since 1954 | ||
conventional_josephson_constant = 4.835979e14 Hz / V = K_J90 # since Jan 1990 | ||
conventional_von_klitzing_constant = 2.5812807e4 ohm = R_K90 # since Jan 1990 | ||
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#### DERIVED EXACT CONSTANTS #### | ||
# Floating-point conversion may introduce inaccuracies | ||
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zeta = c / (cm/s) = ζ | ||
dirac_constant = ℎ / (2 * π) = ħ = hbar = atomic_unit_of_action = a_u_action | ||
avogadro_constant = avogadro_number * mol^-1 = N_A | ||
molar_gas_constant = k * N_A = R | ||
faraday_constant = e * N_A | ||
conductance_quantum = 2 * e ** 2 / ℎ = G_0 | ||
magnetic_flux_quantum = ℎ / (2 * e) = Φ_0 = Phi_0 | ||
josephson_constant = 2 * e / ℎ = K_J | ||
von_klitzing_constant = ℎ / e ** 2 = R_K | ||
stefan_boltzmann_constant = 2 / 15 * π ** 5 * k ** 4 / (ℎ ** 3 * c ** 2) = σ = sigma | ||
first_radiation_constant = 2 * π * ℎ * c ** 2 = c_1 | ||
second_radiation_constant = ℎ * c / k = c_2 | ||
wien_wavelength_displacement_law_constant = ℎ * c / (k * wien_x) | ||
wien_frequency_displacement_law_constant = wien_u * k / ℎ | ||
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#### MEASURED CONSTANTS #### | ||
# Recommended CODATA-2018 values | ||
# To some extent, what is measured and what is derived is a bit arbitrary. | ||
# The choice of measured constants is based on convenience and on available uncertainty. | ||
# The uncertainty in the last significant digits is given in parentheses as a comment. | ||
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newtonian_constant_of_gravitation = 6.67430e-11 m^3/(kg s^2) = _ = gravitational_constant # (15) | ||
rydberg_constant = 1.0973731568160e7 * m^-1 = R_∞ = R_inf # (21) | ||
electron_g_factor = -2.00231930436256 = g_e # (35) | ||
atomic_mass_constant = 1.66053906660e-27 kg = m_u # (50) | ||
electron_mass = 9.1093837015e-31 kg = m_e = atomic_unit_of_mass = a_u_mass # (28) | ||
proton_mass = 1.67262192369e-27 kg = m_p # (51) | ||
neutron_mass = 1.67492749804e-27 kg = m_n # (95) | ||
lattice_spacing_of_Si = 1.920155716e-10 m = d_220 # (32) | ||
K_alpha_Cu_d_220 = 0.80232719 # (22) | ||
K_alpha_Mo_d_220 = 0.36940604 # (19) | ||
K_alpha_W_d_220 = 0.108852175 # (98) | ||
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#### DERIVED CONSTANTS #### | ||
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fine_structure_constant = (2 * ℎ * R_inf / (m_e * c)) ** 0.5 = α = alpha | ||
vacuum_permeability = 2 * α * ℎ / (e ** 2 * c) = µ_0 = mu_0 = mu0 = magnetic_constant | ||
vacuum_permittivity = e ** 2 / (2 * α * ℎ * c) = ε_0 = epsilon_0 = eps_0 = eps0 = electric_constant | ||
impedance_of_free_space = 2 * α * ℎ / e ** 2 = Z_0 = characteristic_impedance_of_vacuum | ||
coulomb_constant = α * hbar * c / e ** 2 = k_C | ||
classical_electron_radius = α * hbar / (m_e * c) = r_e | ||
thomson_cross_section = 8 / 3 * π * r_e ** 2 = σ_e = sigma_e |
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