Fix resolving Matrix room aliases

[PaarthShah]

Proposed change

This PR fixes a regression in from before this integration's library was changed; users inadvertently lost the ability to configure the integration using Matrix room aliases.
The workaround of only using room ids works, but the proper fix as-implemented is to manually resolve room aliases into room ids, and cache them within MatrixBot._listening_rooms.
In addition to this, I wanted to ensure that aliases were usable as input for manual service commands as well, and to ensure that the aliases are logged if available, rather than the ID, to ensure the user sees the input they expect rather than an obfuscated id.
To facilitate this change, I also included extra tests and debug logs.

Type of change

• Dependency upgrade
• Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New integration (thank you!)
• New feature (which adds functionality to an existing integration)
• Deprecation (breaking change to happen in the future)
• Breaking change (fix/feature causing existing functionality to break)
• Code quality improvements to existing code or addition of tests

Additional information

• This PR fixes or closes issue: fixes matrix integration broken since 2023.10 update #101873

Checklist

• The code change is tested and works locally.
• Local tests pass. Your PR cannot be merged unless tests pass
• There is no commented out code in this PR.
• I have followed the development checklist
• I have followed the perfect PR recommendations
• The code has been formatted using Black (black --fast homeassistant tests)
• Tests have been added to verify that the new code works.

If user exposed functionality or configuration variables are added/changed:

• Documentation added/updated for www.home-assistant.io

If the code communicates with devices, web services, or third-party tools:

• The manifest file has all fields filled out correctly.
  Updated and included derived files by running: python3 -m script.hassfest.
• New or updated dependencies have been added to requirements_all.txt.
  Updated by running python3 -m script.gen_requirements_all.
• For the updated dependencies - a link to the changelog, or at minimum a diff between library versions is added to the PR description.
• Untested files have been added to .coveragerc.

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[home-assistant]

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[edenhaus]

Thanks @PaarthShah 👍