Update Hue data fetching

[balloob]

Breaking change

Proposed change

Hue had the problem that if the initial connection didn't fetch lights (because of an error, etc), it would never keep polling for updates! So if first start broke, all was broken. Identified by @walnerz here #23796 (comment)

So I redid the data fetching, inspired by the work I did for Ring. I did this by introducing a generic data coordinator class that is able to take subscribers, scan at an interval and request syncs on demand, distributing the data accordingly.

The tests hardly changed, which makes reviewing easy 👍

Fixes #30864
Fixes #30669
Fixes #29179
Fixes #29337
Fixes #23796

@bramkragten I have requested your review. The tests barely needed any changes but I am unable to test the Hue sensor. I have verified lights work 👍

Type of change

• Dependency upgrade
• Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New integration (thank you!)
• New feature (which adds functionality to an existing integration)
• Breaking change (fix/feature causing existing functionality to break)
• Code quality improvements to existing code or addition of tests

Checklist

• The code change is tested and works locally.
• Local tests pass. Your PR cannot be merged unless tests pass
• There is no commented out code in this PR.
• I have followed the development checklist
• The code has been formatted using Black (black --fast homeassistant tests)
• Tests have been added to verify that the new code works.

If user exposed functionality or configuration variables are added/changed:

• Documentation added/updated for www.home-assistant.io

If the code communicates with devices, web services, or third-party tools:

• The manifest file has all fields filled out correctly.
  Updated and included derived files by running: python3 -m script.hassfest.
• New or updated dependencies have been added to requirements_all.txt.
  Updated by running python3 -m script.gen_requirements_all.
• Untested files have been added to .coveragerc.

The integration reached or maintains the following Integration Quality Scale:

• No score or internal
• 🥈 Silver
• 🥇 Gold
• 🏆 Platinum

[bramkragten]

Seems to work fine with both lights and sensors 👍

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #31338 into dev will decrease coverage by 0.01%.
The diff coverage is n/a.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##              dev   #31338      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   94.62%   94.60%   -0.02%     
==========================================
  Files         745      747       +2     
  Lines       54046    54135      +89     
==========================================
+ Hits        51143    51217      +74     
- Misses       2903     2918      +15     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
homeassistant/components/hue/sensor.py	90.32% <0.00%> (-3.02%)	⬇️
homeassistant/components/vizio/media_player.py	100.00% <0.00%> (ø)	⬆️
homeassistant/components/emulated_hue/hue_api.py	90.51% <0.00%> (ø)	⬆️
homeassistant/components/device_tracker/legacy.py	99.14% <0.00%> (ø)	⬆️
homeassistant/helpers/debounce.py	71.79% <0.00%> (ø)
homeassistant/helpers/update_coordinator.py	91.89% <0.00%> (ø)
homeassistant/helpers/service.py	92.47% <0.00%> (+0.06%)	⬆️

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