Fail recorder setup with unsupported dialect or version

[emontnemery]

Breaking change

The recorder now fails to setup if the database dialect is unsupported, or if the database dialect is supported but the version is too old (ADR18).

Proposed change

This is a follow-up to #58161, which added a warning if the database dialect is unsupported or outdated.

Type of change

• Dependency upgrade
• Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New integration (thank you!)
• New feature (which adds functionality to an existing integration)
• Breaking change (fix/feature causing existing functionality to break)
• Code quality improvements to existing code or addition of tests

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• This PR fixes or closes issue: fixes #
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[probot-home-assistant]

Hey there @home-assistant/core, mind taking a look at this pull request as it has been labeled with an integration (recorder) you are listed as a code owner for? Thanks!
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[emontnemery]

Tests fail because the SQLite version in the container is very old, I'm not quite sure what to do about that.
It seems a bit unreasonable to run tests against a version we don't support?

[frenck]

We need to upgrade our testing containers from Debian Buster to Debian Bulleye
Ref: https://github.com/home-assistant/ci-azure/blob/master/python/Dockerfile-3.9#L1

[emontnemery]

CI upgraded to use Debian Bullseye thanks to home-assistant/ci-azure#21