Wrap most ZHA exceptions in HomeAssistantError

[puddly]

Proposed change

This PR aims to allow more intentional HomeAssistantErrors with readable error messages to be raised:

• Reduce explicit handling of errors, instead opting to allow wrapped HomeAssistantErrors to propagate.
• Use a helper function to write attributes, which validates write statuses automatically and similarly raises a HomeAssistantError when a failure is encountered.
• This PR also removes stale isinstance...Exception checks, since codepaths to return exceptions as objects are no longer present in ZHA.

Type of change

• Dependency upgrade
• Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New integration (thank you!)
• New feature (which adds functionality to an existing integration)
• Deprecation (breaking change to happen in the future)
• Breaking change (fix/feature causing existing functionality to break)
• Code quality improvements to existing code or addition of tests

Additional information

• This PR fixes or closes issue: fixes "continue_on_error: true" not working with failed ZHA light.turn_on call #98495
• This PR is related to issue:
• Link to documentation pull request:

Checklist

• The code change is tested and works locally.
• Local tests pass. Your PR cannot be merged unless tests pass
• There is no commented out code in this PR.
• I have followed the development checklist
• I have followed the perfect PR recommendations
• The code has been formatted using Black (black --fast homeassistant tests)
• Tests have been added to verify that the new code works.

If user exposed functionality or configuration variables are added/changed:

• Documentation added/updated for www.home-assistant.io

If the code communicates with devices, web services, or third-party tools:

• The manifest file has all fields filled out correctly.
  Updated and included derived files by running: python3 -m script.hassfest.
• New or updated dependencies have been added to requirements_all.txt.
  Updated by running python3 -m script.gen_requirements_all.
• For the updated dependencies - a link to the changelog, or at minimum a diff between library versions is added to the PR description.
• Untested files have been added to .coveragerc.

To help with the load of incoming pull requests:

• I have reviewed two other open pull requests in this repository.

[home-assistant]

Hey there @dmulcahey, @Adminiuga, mind taking a look at this pull request as it has been labeled with an integration (zha) you are listed as a code owner for? Thanks!

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[javicalle]

Probably aware of this, but a different refactoring for a similar code.

[emontnemery]

LGTM, but I can't really judge if this is a good match for ZHA in general