Bump protobuf to 4.24.0

[bdraco]

needs successful https://github.com/home-assistant/core/actions/runs/5868975157

Proposed change

changes: protocolbuffers/protobuf@v23.4...v24.0
release: https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/tag/v24.0

Type of change

• Dependency upgrade
• Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New integration (thank you!)
• New feature (which adds functionality to an existing integration)
• Deprecation (breaking change to happen in the future)
• Breaking change (fix/feature causing existing functionality to break)
• Code quality improvements to existing code or addition of tests

Additional information

• This PR fixes or closes issue: fixes #
• This PR is related to issue:
• Link to documentation pull request:

Checklist

• The code change is tested and works locally.
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[bdraco]

thanks