There are two types of leaderboards for all competitions:
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Public Leaderboard: This leaderboard is calculated on X% of the test dataset, and is what you see on the competition page all the time. The value of X will be mentioned in the problem statement by the organizers.
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Private Leaderboard: This leaderboard is calculated on the remaining (100-X)% of the test dataset, and is made public only after the competition is over. Your final ranking is based on the private leaderboard.
When you make a submission, both the public and private leaderboard scores are calculated but only the public leaderboard score is displayed. When a competition is over, the private leaderboard score is revealed and the final rankings are calculated based on that. You can select N submissions to be considered for the private leaderboard score calculation. The value of N will be mentioned in the problem statement by the organizers.