Implement new method getCommentUrl for permanent comment URL

[yurabakhtin]

What kind of change does this PR introduce? (check at least one)

• Feature

The PR fulfills these requirements:

• It's submitted to the develop branch, not the master branch if no hotfix
• All tests are passing
• Changelog was modified

Other information:
Issue: https://github.com/humhub/humhub-internal/issues/174

[what-the-diff]

PR Summary

• Improved the methodology in getCommentUrl functionality
  The getCommentUrl method, designed to provide a long-lasting URL for comments, has been improved in its execution for better results.

• Additional statement in PermaController.php for error handling
  A use statement for yii\web\BadRequestHttpException has been included. This addition will enhance error notifications and handling when encountering challenges during operations.

• Advancements made to comment redirection logic
  Alterations have been made to how users are redirected to the comment's URL. This reworking aims to provide an optimized and more user-friendly redirection process.

• Added validation for content URL existence
  Validation has been integrated into the system such that errors will be thrown whenever the content lacks a URL for individuals to place their comments.