PanteraS
entire Platform as a Service, in a box

"One container to rule them all"

Now you can create a completely dockerized environment for a platform as a service (PaaS) in no time!
PanteraS contains all the necessary components for a highly robust, highly available, fault tolerant PaaS.
The goal is to spawn fully scalable, easy to monitor, debug and orchestrate services in seconds. Totally independent of the underlying infrastructure. PanteraS is also fully transferable between development stages. You can run it on your laptop, test and production systems without hassle.

"You shall not PaaS"

Architecture

Components

• Mesos + Marathon + ZooKeeper + Chronos (orchestration components)
• Consul (K/V store, monitoring, service directory and registry) + Registrator (automating register/ deregister)
• Fabio or
  HAproxy + consul-template (load balancer with dynamic config generation)

Master+Slave mode Container

This is the default configuration. It will start all components inside a container.
It is recommended to run 3 master containers to ensure high availability of the PasteraS cluster.

Only Slave mode Container

Slave mode is enabled by MASTER=false
In this mode only slave components will start (master part is excluded). You can run as many slaves as you wish - this is fully scalable.

Multiple Datacenter supported by Consul

To connect multiple datacenters use consul join -wan <server 1> <server 2>

Combination of daemons startup

Depending on MASTER and SLAVE you can define role of the container

daemon\role | default | Only Master | Only Slave | -----------:|:----------------:|:-----------:|:-------------:| |MASTER=true |MASTER=true| MASTER=false| |SLAVE=true |SLAVE=false| SLAVE=true | Consul| x | x | x | Mesos Master| x | x | - | Marathon | x | x | - | Zookeeper | x | x | - | Chronos | x | x | - | Consul-template| x | - | x | Haproxy | x | - | x | Mesos Slave | x | - | x | Registrator| x | - | x | dnsmasq| x | x | x | Fabio | - | - | - | Netdata | - | - | - |

(Last two require manual override START_FABIO=true )

Requirements:

• docker >= 1.12
• docker-compose >= 1.8.0

Usage:

Clone it

git clone -b 0.3.2 https://github.com/eBayClassifiedsGroup/PanteraS.git
cd PanteraS

Default: Stand alone mode

(master and slave in one box)

# vagrant up

or

# IP=<DOCKER_HOST_IP> ./generate_yml.sh
# docker-compose up -d

3 Masters + N slaves:

Configure zookeeper and consul:

everyhost# mkdir restricted
everyhost# echo 'ZOOKEEPER_HOSTS="masterhost-1:2181,masterhost-2:2181,masterhost-3:2181"' >> restricted/host
everyhost# echo 'CONSUL_HOSTS="-join=masterhost-1 -join=masterhost-2 -join=masterhost-3"' >> restricted/host
everyhost# echo 'MESOS_MASTER_QUORUM=2' >> restricted/host

Lets set only masterhost-1 to bootstrap the consul

masterhost-1# echo 'CONSUL_PARAMS="-bootstrap-expect 3"' >> restricted/host
masterhost-1# echo 'ZOOKEEPER_ID=1' >> restricted/host
masterhost-2# echo 'ZOOKEEPER_ID=2' >> restricted/host
masterhost-3# echo 'ZOOKEEPER_ID=3' >> restricted/host

Optionally, if you have multiple IPs, set an IP address of docker host (do not use docker0 interface IP)
if you don't set it - it will try to guess dig +short ${HOSTNAME}

masterhost-1# echo 'IP=x.x.x.1' >> restricted/host
masterhost-2# echo 'IP=x.x.x.2' >> restricted/host
masterhost-3# echo 'IP=x.x.x.3' >> restricted/host

Start containers:

masterhost-n# ./generate_yml.sh
masterhost-n# docker-compose up -d

slavehost-n# MASTER=false ./generate_yml.sh
slavehost-n# docker-compose up -d

Web Interfaces

You can reach the PaaS components on the following ports:

• HAproxy / Fabio: http://hostname:81
• Consul: http://hostname:8500
• Chronos: http://hostname:4400
• Marathon: http://hostname:8080
• Mesos: http://hostname:5050
• Supervisord: http://hostname:9000
• Netdata: http://hostname:19999 (must run START_NETDATA=true)

Listening address

All PaaS components listen default on all interfaces (to all addresses: 0.0.0.0),
which might be dangerous if you want to expose the PaaS.
Use ENV LISTEN_IP if you want to listen on specific IP address.
for example:
echo LISTEN_IP=192.168.10.10 >> restricted/host
This might not work for all services like Marathon or Chronos that has some additional random ports.

Services Accessibility

You might want to access the PaaS and services with your browser directly via service name like:

http://your_service.service.consul

This could be problematic. It depends where you run docker host. We have prepared two services that might help you solving this problem.

DNS - which supposed to be running on every docker host, it is important that you have only one DNS server occupying port 53 on docker host, you might need to disable yours, if you have already configured.

If you have direct access to the docker host DNS, then just modify your /etc/resolv.conf adding its IP address.

If you do NOT have direct access to docker host DNS, then you have two options:

A. use OpenVPN client an example server we have created for you (in optional), but you need to provide certificates and config file, it might be little bit complex for the beginners, so you might to try second option first.

B. SSHuttle - use https://github.com/apenwarr/sshuttle project so you can tunnel DNS traffic over ssh but you have to have ssh daemon running in some container.

Running an example application

There are two examples available:
SimpleWebappPython - basic example - spawn 2x2 containers
SmoothWebappPython - similar to previous one, but with smooth scaling down

HAproxy will balance the ports which where mapped and assigned by marathon.

For non human access like services intercommunication, you can use direct access using DNS consul SRV abilities, to verify answers:

$ dig python.service.consul +tcp SRV

or ask consul DNS directly:

$ dig @$CONSUL_IP -p8600  python.service.consul +tcp SRV

Remember to disable DNS caching in your future services.

Put service into HAproxy HTTP load-balancer

In order to put a service my_service into the HTTP load-balancer (HAproxy), you need to add a consul tag haproxy (ENV SERVICE_TAGS="haproxy") to the JSON deployment plan for my_service (see examples). my_service is then accessible on port 80 via my_service.service.consul:80 and/or my_service.service.<my_dc>.consul:80.

If you provide an additional environment variable HAPROXY_ADD_DOMAIN during the configuration phase you can access the service with that domain appended to the service name as well, e.g., with HAPROXY_ADD_DOMAIN=".my.own.domain.com" you can access the service my_service via my_service.my.own.domain.com:80 (if the IP address returned by a DNS query for *.my.own.domain.com is pointing to one of the nodes running an HAProxy instance).

You can also provide the additional consul tag haproxy_route with a corresponding value in order to dispatch the service based on the beginning of the URL; e.g., if you add the additional tag haproxy_route=/minions to the service definition for service gru, all HTTP requests against any of the cluster nodes on port 80 starting with /minions/ will be re-routed to and load-balanced for the service gru (e.g., http://cluster_node.my_company.com/minions/say/banana). Note that no URL rewrite happens, so the service gets the full URL (/minions/say/banana) passed in.

Put service into HAproxy TCP load-balancer

In order to put a service my_service into the TCP load-balancer (HAproxy), you need to add a consul tag haproxy_tcp specifying the specific <port> (ENV SERVICE_TAGS="haproxy_tcp=<port>") to the JSON deployment plan for my_service. It is also recommended to set the same <port> as the servicePort in the docker part of the JSON deployment plan. my_service is then accessible on the specific <port> on all cluster nodes, e.g., my_service.service.consul:<port> and/or my_service.service.<my_dc>.consul:<port>.

Create A/B test services (AKA canaries services)

1. You need to create services with the same consul name (ENV SERVICE_NAME="consul_service"), but different marathon id in every JSON deployment plan (see examples)
2. You need to set different weights for those services. You can propagate weight value using consul tag
   (ENV SERVICE_TAGS="haproxy,haproxy_weight=1")
3. We set the default weight value for 100 (max is 256).

Add http health checks to HAproxy

Use tag haproxy_httpchk (SERVICE_TAGS="haproxy,haproxy_httpchk=GET /"). You can also specify more complex tag like SERVICE_TAGS="haproxy,haproxy_httpchk=GET /check HTTP/1.0\\r\\nHost:\\ www.domain.com" but keep in mind to espace special characters

Deploy using marathon_deploy

You can deploy your services using marathon_deploy, which also understand YAML and JSON files. As a benefit, you can have static part in YAML deployment plans, and dynamic part (like version or URL) set with ENV variables, specified with %%MACROS%% in deployment plan.

apt-get install ruby1.9.1-dev
gem install marathon_deploy

more info: https://github.com/eBayClassifiedsGroup/marathon_deploy

Enabling SSL on HAProxy

By default, HAProxy will proxy all of your HTTP services via port 80. If you would like to enable ssl on HAProxy and proxy all of your HTTP services on port 443, set the following ENV variable before running generate_yml.sh:

HAPROXY_SSL=true

By default, HA proxy will use a default certificate called haproxy.pem in the infrastructure folder. You can extract the cert public from that pem file to import into your other reverse proxies.

If you would like to use your own cert, create a new pem by running:

openssl genrsa -out haproxy.key 2048
openssl req -new -key haproxy.key 2048 -out haproxy.csr

...complete the CSR details and then get it signed by a trusted CA, or sign it yourself:

openssl x509 -req -days 9999 -in haproxy.csr -signkey haproxy.key -out haproxy.crt

Create the pem:

cat haproxy.crt haproxy.key | tee haproxy.pem

Replace the haproxy.pem in the infrastructure folder before you build the PanteraS image.

Alternatively, you could map your new pem to the container by adding this to docker-compose.yml

- "/path/to/your/haproxy.pem:/etc/haproxy/haproxy.pem"

Note: Currently HAProxy supports http or https, but not both.

References

[1] https://www.docker.com/
[2] http://docs.docker.com/compose/
[3] http://stackoverflow.com/questions/25217208/setting-up-a-docker-fig-mesos-environment
[4] http://www.consul.io/docs/