query_results_helper.go

/*
Copyright IBM Corp. 2016 All Rights Reserved.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

		 http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

package rwsetutil

import (
	"fmt"

	"github.com/golang/protobuf/proto"
	"github.com/hyperledger/fabric/bccsp"
	bccspfactory "github.com/hyperledger/fabric/bccsp/factory"
	"github.com/hyperledger/fabric/protos/ledger/rwset/kvrwset"
)

// MerkleTreeLevel used for representing a level of the merkle tree
type MerkleTreeLevel uint32

// Hash represents bytes of a hash
type Hash []byte

const (
	leafLevel = MerkleTreeLevel(1)
)

var (
	hashOpts = &bccsp.SHA256Opts{}
)

// RangeQueryResultsHelper helps preparing range query results for phantom items detection during validation.
// The results are expected to be fed as they are being iterated over.
// If the `hashingEnabled` is set to true, a merkle tree is built of the hashes over the results.
// The merkle tree helps reducing the size of the RWSet which otherwise would need to store all the raw KVReads
//
// The mental model of the tree can be described as below:
// All the results are treated as leaf nodes (level 0) of the tree. Next up level of the tree is built by collecting 'maxDegree + 1'
// items from the previous level and hashing the entire collection.
// Further upper levels of the tree are built in similar manner however the only difference is that unlike level-0
// (where collection consists of raw KVReads), collection at level 1 and above, consists of the hashes
// (of the collection of previous level).
// This is repeated until we reach at a level where we are left with the number of items less than or equals to `maxDegree`.
// In the last collection, the number of items can be less than 'maxDegree' (except if this is the only collection at the given level).
//
// As a result, if the number of total input results are less than or equals to 'maxDegree', no hashing is performed at all.
// And the final output of the computation is either the collection of raw results (if less that or equals to 'maxDegree') or
// a collection of hashes (that or equals to 'maxDegree') at some level in the tree.
//
// `AddResult` function should be invoke to supply the next result and at the end `Done` function should be invoked.
// The `Done` function does the final processing and returns the final output
type RangeQueryResultsHelper struct {
	pendingResults []*kvrwset.KVRead
	mt             *merkleTree
	maxDegree      uint32
	hashingEnabled bool
}

// NewRangeQueryResultsHelper constructs a RangeQueryResultsHelper
func NewRangeQueryResultsHelper(enableHashing bool, maxDegree uint32) (*RangeQueryResultsHelper, error) {
	helper := &RangeQueryResultsHelper{pendingResults: nil,
		hashingEnabled: enableHashing,
		maxDegree:      maxDegree,
		mt:             nil}
	if enableHashing {
		var err error
		if helper.mt, err = newMerkleTree(maxDegree); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}
	return helper, nil
}

// AddResult adds a new query result for processing.
// Put the result into the list of pending results. If the number of pending results exceeds `maxDegree`,
// consume the results for incrementally update the merkle tree
func (helper *RangeQueryResultsHelper) AddResult(kvRead *kvrwset.KVRead) error {
	logger.Debug("Adding a result")
	helper.pendingResults = append(helper.pendingResults, kvRead)
	if helper.hashingEnabled && uint32(len(helper.pendingResults)) > helper.maxDegree {
		logger.Debug("Processing the accumulated results")
		if err := helper.processPendingResults(); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// Done processes any pending results if needed
// This returns the final pending results (i.e., []*KVRead) and hashes of the results (i.e., *MerkleSummary)
// Only one of these two will be non-nil (except when no results are ever added).
// `MerkleSummary` will be nil if and only if either `enableHashing` is set to false
// or the number of total results are less than `maxDegree`
func (helper *RangeQueryResultsHelper) Done() ([]*kvrwset.KVRead, *kvrwset.QueryReadsMerkleSummary, error) {
	// The merkle tree will be empty if total results are less than or equals to 'maxDegree'
	// i.e., not even once the results were processed for hashing
	if !helper.hashingEnabled || helper.mt.isEmpty() {
		return helper.pendingResults, nil, nil
	}
	if len(helper.pendingResults) != 0 {
		logger.Debug("Processing the pending results")
		if err := helper.processPendingResults(); err != nil {
			return helper.pendingResults, nil, err
		}
	}
	helper.mt.done()
	return helper.pendingResults, helper.mt.getSummery(), nil
}

// GetMerkleSummary return the current state of the MerkleSummary
// This intermediate state of the merkle tree helps during validation to detect a mismatch early on.
// That helps by not requiring to build the complete merkle tree during validation
// if there is a mismatch in early portion of the result-set.
func (helper *RangeQueryResultsHelper) GetMerkleSummary() *kvrwset.QueryReadsMerkleSummary {
	if !helper.hashingEnabled {
		return nil
	}
	return helper.mt.getSummery()
}

func (helper *RangeQueryResultsHelper) processPendingResults() error {
	var b []byte
	var err error
	if b, err = serializeKVReads(helper.pendingResults); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	helper.pendingResults = nil
	hash, err := bccspfactory.GetDefault().Hash(b, hashOpts)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	helper.mt.update(hash)
	return nil
}

func serializeKVReads(kvReads []*kvrwset.KVRead) ([]byte, error) {
	return proto.Marshal(&kvrwset.QueryReads{KvReads: kvReads})
}

//////////// Merkle tree building code  ///////

type merkleTree struct {
	tree      map[MerkleTreeLevel][]Hash
	maxLevel  MerkleTreeLevel
	maxDegree uint32
}

func newMerkleTree(maxDegree uint32) (*merkleTree, error) {
	if maxDegree < 2 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("maxDegree [is %d] should not be less than 2 in the merkle tree", maxDegree)
	}
	return &merkleTree{make(map[MerkleTreeLevel][]Hash), 1, maxDegree}, nil
}

// update takes a hash that forms the next leaf level (level-1) node in the merkle tree.
// Also, complete the merkle tree as much as possible with the addition of this new leaf node -
// i.e. recursively build the higher level nodes and delete the underlying sub-tree.
func (m *merkleTree) update(nextLeafLevelHash Hash) error {
	logger.Debugf("Before update() = %s", m)
	defer logger.Debugf("After update() = %s", m)
	m.tree[leafLevel] = append(m.tree[leafLevel], nextLeafLevelHash)
	currentLevel := leafLevel
	for {
		currentLevelHashes := m.tree[currentLevel]
		if uint32(len(currentLevelHashes)) <= m.maxDegree {
			return nil
		}
		nextLevelHash, err := computeCombinedHash(currentLevelHashes)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		delete(m.tree, currentLevel)
		nextLevel := currentLevel + 1
		m.tree[nextLevel] = append(m.tree[nextLevel], nextLevelHash)
		if nextLevel > m.maxLevel {
			m.maxLevel = nextLevel
		}
		currentLevel = nextLevel
	}
}

// done completes the merkle tree.
// There may have been some nodes that are at the levels lower than the maxLevel (maximum level seen by the tree so far).
// Make the parent nodes out of such nodes till we complete the tree at the level of maxLevel (or maxLevel+1).
func (m *merkleTree) done() error {
	logger.Debugf("Before done() = %s", m)
	defer logger.Debugf("After done() = %s", m)
	currentLevel := leafLevel
	var h Hash
	var err error
	for currentLevel < m.maxLevel {
		currentLevelHashes := m.tree[currentLevel]
		switch len(currentLevelHashes) {
		case 0:
			currentLevel++
			continue
		case 1:
			h = currentLevelHashes[0]
		default:
			if h, err = computeCombinedHash(currentLevelHashes); err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}
		delete(m.tree, currentLevel)
		currentLevel++
		m.tree[currentLevel] = append(m.tree[currentLevel], h)
	}

	finalHashes := m.tree[m.maxLevel]
	if uint32(len(finalHashes)) > m.maxDegree {
		delete(m.tree, m.maxLevel)
		m.maxLevel++
		combinedHash, err := computeCombinedHash(finalHashes)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		m.tree[m.maxLevel] = []Hash{combinedHash}
	}
	return nil
}

func (m *merkleTree) getSummery() *kvrwset.QueryReadsMerkleSummary {
	return &kvrwset.QueryReadsMerkleSummary{MaxDegree: m.maxDegree,
		MaxLevel:       uint32(m.getMaxLevel()),
		MaxLevelHashes: hashesToBytes(m.getMaxLevelHashes())}
}

func (m *merkleTree) getMaxLevel() MerkleTreeLevel {
	return m.maxLevel
}

func (m *merkleTree) getMaxLevelHashes() []Hash {
	return m.tree[m.maxLevel]
}

func (m *merkleTree) isEmpty() bool {
	return m.maxLevel == 1 && len(m.tree[m.maxLevel]) == 0
}

func (m *merkleTree) String() string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("tree := %#v", m.tree)
}

func computeCombinedHash(hashes []Hash) (Hash, error) {
	combinedHash := []byte{}
	for _, h := range hashes {
		combinedHash = append(combinedHash, h...)
	}
	return bccspfactory.GetDefault().Hash(combinedHash, hashOpts)
}

func hashesToBytes(hashes []Hash) [][]byte {
	b := [][]byte{}
	for _, hash := range hashes {
		b = append(b, hash)
	}
	return b
}