Fix some compiler warnings

[jmcarcell]

BEGINRELEASENOTES

• Fix warnings about not passing exceptions by reference
• Fix warnings about an implicit copy constructor defined
• Fix other warnings, about fallthroughs, a weird UTF-8 character (spanish accent in comments in spanish) and unused results

ENDRELEASENOTES

The fallthroughs I'm not sure if they are intended but I just left the current behavior...

[tmadlener]

Looks like also gcc detects it some times? https://github.com/iLCSoft/GEAR/actions/runs/5574118486/jobs/10182304376?pr=10#step:4:303

[scott-snyder]

The unused result warnings arise due to compiling with -DNDEBUG suppressing the assertions. The changes here will break compilation if assertions are enabled. It's probably better to add #undef NDEBUG to the start of the test source files so that we're actually testing what was intended.

[jmcarcell]

More warings have been fixed now and debug builds should work again.

[tmadlener]

Since this should only have little actual usage, I am fine with these changes and would merge them, unless you still want to changes some things.

[jmcarcell]

I think these should be fine, the cmake changes behave like they did before and for the rest they seem quite harmless but I haven't tested them because there aren't any tests. At least it builds and Marlin keeps working.