Merge branch 'ded_mass' into 'devel'

Add powder addition kernel

Closes #35

See merge request idaholab/malamute!12

doc/content/bib/malamute.bib

@@ -68,3 +68,17 @@ @book{madhusadana1996
 publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
 year = {1996}
 }
+
+@article{Morville2012,
+author = {Morville,Simon  and Carin,Muriel  and Peyre,Patrice  and Gharbi,Myriam  and Carron,Denis  and Le Masson,Philippe  and Fabbro,Rémy },
+title = {2D longitudinal modeling of heat transfer and fluid flow during multilayered direct laser metal deposition process},
+journal = {Journal of Laser Applications},
+volume = {24},
+number = {3},
+pages = {032008},
+year = {2012},
+doi = {10.2351/1.4726445}
+}
+
+
+

doc/content/source/kernels/LevelSetPowderAddition.md

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# LevelSetPowderAddition
+
+!syntax description /Kernels/LevelSetPowderAddition
+
+## Description
+
+In the level set evolution equation, the free surface growth velocity due to the powder addition is given as [!citep](Morville2012),
+
+\begin{equation}
+V_p = N_p \frac{{\eta}_p D_m}{{\rho}_0 \pi r_p^2}\exp\left(-N_p\frac{r^2}{r_p^2}\right),
+\end{equation}
+where $N_p$ and $r_P$ are the constriction coefficient and the standard deviation of the gaussian distribution. The $r$ is the radial distance. The $\eta_p$ is the powder catchment efficiency. The $\rho_0$ is the powder density. The $D_m$ is the mass powder rate.
+
+## Example Input Syntax
+
+!listing test/tests/melt_pool_mass/mass.i block=Kernels/level_set_mass
+
+!syntax parameters /Kernels/LevelSetPowderAddition
+
+!syntax inputs /Kernels/LevelSetPowderAddition
+
+!syntax children /Kernels/LevelSetPowderAddition

include/kernels/LevelSetPowderAddition.h

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/****************************************************************************/
+/*                        DO NOT MODIFY THIS HEADER                         */
+/*                                                                          */
+/* MALAMUTE: MOOSE Application Library for Advanced Manufacturing UTilitiEs */
+/*                                                                          */
+/*           Copyright 2021 - 2022, Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC           */
+/*                           ALL RIGHTS RESERVED                            */
+/****************************************************************************/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ADKernelValue.h"
+
+/**
+ * This class computes the powder addition to the melt pool.
+ */
+class LevelSetPowderAddition : public ADKernelValue
+{
+public:
+  static InputParameters validParams();
+
+  LevelSetPowderAddition(const InputParameters & parameters);
+
+protected:
+  ADReal precomputeQpResidual() override;
+
+  /// Delta function
+  const ADMaterialProperty<Real> & _delta_function;
+
+  /// Function of laser location in x coordinate
+  const Function & _laser_location_x;
+
+  /// Function of laser location in x coordinate
+  const Function & _laser_location_y;
+
+  /// Function of laser location in x coordinate
+  const Function & _laser_location_z;
+
+  /// Mass addition rate
+  const Real _mass_rate;
+
+  /// Mass addition gaussian radius
+  const Real _mass_radius;
+
+  /// Mass addition gaussian scale
+  const Real _mass_scale;
+
+  /// Powder density
+  const Real _rho_p;
+
+  /// powder catchment efficiency
+  const Real _eta_p;
+};

src/kernels/LevelSetPowderAddition.C

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/****************************************************************************/
+/*                        DO NOT MODIFY THIS HEADER                         */
+/*                                                                          */
+/* MALAMUTE: MOOSE Application Library for Advanced Manufacturing UTilitiEs */
+/*                                                                          */
+/*           Copyright 2021 - 2022, Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC           */
+/*                           ALL RIGHTS RESERVED                            */
+/****************************************************************************/
+
+#include "LevelSetPowderAddition.h"
+#include "Function.h"
+
+registerMooseObject("MalamuteApp", LevelSetPowderAddition);
+
+InputParameters
+LevelSetPowderAddition::validParams()
+{
+  InputParameters params = ADKernelValue::validParams();
+  params.addClassDescription("Computes the powder addition to the melt pool");
+  params.addParam<FunctionName>(
+      "laser_location_x", 0, "The laser center function of x coordinate.");
+  params.addParam<FunctionName>(
+      "laser_location_y", 0, "The laser center function of y coordinate.");
+  params.addParam<FunctionName>(
+      "laser_location_z", 0, "The laser center function of z coordinate.");
+  params.addRequiredParam<Real>("mass_rate", "Mass rate.");
+  params.addRequiredParam<Real>("mass_radius", "Mass gaussian radius.");
+  params.addParam<Real>("mass_scale", 1, "Mass gaussian scale.");
+  params.addRequiredParam<Real>("powder_density", "Powder density.");
+  params.addParam<Real>("eta_p", 1.0, "Powder catchment efficiency.");
+  return params;
+}
+
+LevelSetPowderAddition::LevelSetPowderAddition(const InputParameters & parameters)
+  : ADKernelValue(parameters),
+    _delta_function(getADMaterialProperty<Real>("delta_function")),
+    _laser_location_x(getFunction("laser_location_x")),
+    _laser_location_y(getFunction("laser_location_y")),
+    _laser_location_z(getFunction("laser_location_z")),
+    _mass_rate(getParam<Real>("mass_rate")),
+    _mass_radius(getParam<Real>("mass_radius")),
+    _mass_scale(getParam<Real>("mass_scale")),
+    _rho_p(getParam<Real>("powder_density")),
+    _eta_p(getParam<Real>("eta_p"))
+{
+}
+
+ADReal
+LevelSetPowderAddition::precomputeQpResidual()
+{
+  Point p(0, 0, 0);
+  RealVectorValue laser_location(_laser_location_x.value(_t, p),
+                                 _laser_location_y.value(_t, p),
+                                 _laser_location_z.value(_t, p));
+
+  ADReal r = (_ad_q_point[_qp] - laser_location).norm();
+
+  ADReal power_feed = 0;
+
+  if (r <= _mass_radius)
+    power_feed = _mass_scale * _eta_p * _mass_rate *
+                 std::exp(-_mass_scale * Utility::pow<2>(r / _mass_radius)) / _rho_p / libMesh::pi /
+                 Utility::pow<2>(_mass_radius);
+
+  return _delta_function[_qp] * power_feed;
+}

test/tests/melt_pool_mass/mass.i

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+[Mesh/gen]
+  type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
+  dim = 2
+  xmin = 0
+  xmax = 1
+  ymin = 0
+  ymax = 1
+  nx = 40
+  ny = 40
+  elem_type = QUAD4
+[]
+
+[ICs]
+  [ls_ic]
+    type = FunctionIC
+    function = ls_exact
+    variable = ls
+  []
+[]
+
+[Variables]
+  [ls]
+  []
+  [grad_ls]
+    family = LAGRANGE_VEC
+  []
+[]
+
+[Functions/ls_exact]
+  type = LevelSetOlssonPlane
+  epsilon = 0.04
+  point = '0.5 0.5 0'
+  normal = '0 1 0'
+[]
+
+[Kernels]
+  [level_set_time]
+    type = ADTimeDerivative
+    variable = ls
+  []
+
+  [level_set_mass]
+    type = LevelSetPowderAddition
+    laser_location_x = '0.5 + t'
+    laser_location_y = '0.5'
+    powder_density = 6000
+    eta_p = 1
+    mass_scale = 1
+    mass_radius = 0.2
+    mass_rate = 1000
+    variable = ls
+  []
+
+  [grad_ls]
+    type = VariableGradientRegularization
+    regularized_var = ls
+    variable = grad_ls
+  []
+[]
+
+[Materials]
+  [delta]
+    type = LevelSetDeltaFunction
+    level_set_gradient = grad_ls
+  []
+[]
+
+[Preconditioning]
+  [SMP]
+    type = SMP
+    full = true
+    solve_type = 'NEWTON'
+  []
+[]
+
+[Executioner]
+  type = Transient
+  solve_type = NEWTON
+  dt = 1e-2
+  nl_abs_tol = 1e-12
+  num_steps = 2
+[]
+
+[Outputs]
+  exodus = true
+[]

test/tests/melt_pool_mass/tests

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+[Tests]
+  issues = '#35'
+  [mass]
+    type = 'Exodiff'
+    input = 'mass.i'
+    exodiff = 'mass_out.e'
+    design = 'LevelSetPowderAddition.md'
+    requirement = 'The system shall evolve the level set variable field with the velocity due to the powder addition.'
+  []
+[]