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2.6. 3R Regenerators

Optical transponders belonging to a ROADM node are usually used to
terminate a layer 0 tunnel (layer 0 service) in the WDM layer. If,
however, no optical path can be found from the source to the
destination that is optically feasible due to the optiocal
impairments, a 3R regenerator is needed for regenerating the optical
signal in an intermediate node. A functional description of an
optical 3R regeneratator can be found in [G.680], section 7.6.
Following this description, a 3R regenearator is considered as layer
0 entity because it only terminates the modulated optical signal and
processes the FEC for correcting any bit errors that may be present
in the digital signal after the (coherent) demodulation of the
optical signal (FEC termination in receive direction and FEC re-
creation in transmit direction). Apart from the error correction,
there is no processing of the digital signal, i.e., the payload of
the signal is not processed and passed transparently from the
receiver including the demodulator to the transmitter including the
modulator. The end-to-end layer 0 tunnel is subdivided into 2 or
more segments between the source transponder and the destination
transponder terminating the layer 0 tunnel when the signal passes one
or more 3R regenerators.

3R regenerators are usually realized by a pair of optical
transponders, which are described in Section 2.5 above. If a pair of
optical transponders is used to perform a 3R regeneratator function,
two different configurations are possible involving the pair of
optical transceivers of the two optical transponders:
Optical transponders are usually used to terminate a layer 0 tunnel
(layer 0 service) in the WDM layer. If, however, no optical path can
be found from the source transponder to the destination transponder
that is optically feasible due to the optical impairments, one or
more 3R regenerators are needed for regenerating the optical signal
in intermediate nodes. The term "3R" regenerator means:
reamplification, reshaping, retiming. As described in [G.807],
Appendix IV, a 3R regenerator terminates the OTSi and generates a new
OTSi. Depending on the 3R regenerator capabilities, it can provide
functions such as carrier frequency translation (carrier-frequency),
changes in the modulation scheme (modulation-type) and FEC (FEC-type)
while passing through the remaining OTSi payload (client signal and
related overhead).

The 3R regeneartion compound function is illustrated in section 10.1
of [G.798.1], and sections 10.3 and 10.4 provide examples of a ROADM
architecture and a photonic cross-connect architecture including 3R
regenerators. Based on the provided functionality, 3R regenerators
are considered as topological layer 0 entities because they are
needed for layer 0 path computation in case the optical impairments
make it impossible to find an optically feasible end-to-end path from
the source transponder to the destination transponder without 3R
regeneration. When an end-to-end path includes one or more 3R
regenerators, the corresponding layer 0 tunnel is subdivided into 2
or more segments between the source transponder and the destination
transponder terminating the layer 0 tunnel.



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Internet-Draft Opt. Impairment-Aware Topo YANG Model July 2021


3R regenerators are usually realized by a pair of optical
transponders, which are described in Section 2.5 above. If a pair of
optical transponders is used to perform a 3R regeneratator function,
two different configurations are possible involving the pair of
optical transceivers of the two optical transponders:

o The two transponders can be operated in a back-to-back
configuration where the transceiver of each optical transponder
receives and transmits the optical signal from/to the same segment
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WSS separates the incoming light input spectrally as well as
spatially, then chooses the wavelength that is of interest by
deflecting it from the original optical path and then couple it to
another optical fibre port. WSS/Filter is internal to ROADM. So
this document does not model the inside of ROADM.







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Internet-Draft Opt. Impairment-Aware Topo YANG Model July 2021


another optical fibre port. WSS/Filter is internal to ROADM. So
this document does not model the inside of ROADM.

2.8. Optical Fiber

There are various optical fiber types defined by ITU-T. There are
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Lee, et al. Expires January 13, 2022 [Page 18]

Internet-Draft Opt. Impairment-Aware Topo YANG Model July 2021
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multiplexing applications with single channel optical
interfaces", ITU-T Recommendation G.698.2, November 2018.

[G.680] "Physical transfer functions of optical network elements",
ITU-T Recommendation G.680, July 2007.
[G.798.1] "Types and characteristics of optical transport network
equipment", ITU-T Recommendation G.798.1, January 2013.

Appendix A. Contributors

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