fix(common.socket): Switch to context to simplify closing

[srebhan]

Summary

Switching the socket-close implementation to context cancellation avoids the complexity to keep track of all open connection. As side effects, this PR avoids the memory leak described in #15509 and avoids race conditions when closing the socket while new connections arrive.

Checklist

• No AI generated code was used in this PR

Related issues

resolves #15509

[powersj]

Ran my reproducer for the issue with this branch for over 40k metrics and confirmed that the new pprof captures look better than before.

One inline comment about checking an error, otherwise I would like to land and get this in for our bug fix release next Monday.

Thanks!

[telegraf-tiger]

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Downloads for additional architectures and packages are available below.

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Artifact URLs

DEB	RPM	TAR GZ	ZIP
amd64.deb	aarch64.rpm	darwin_amd64.tar.gz	windows_amd64.zip
arm64.deb	armel.rpm	darwin_arm64.tar.gz	windows_arm64.zip
armel.deb	armv6hl.rpm	freebsd_amd64.tar.gz	windows_i386.zip
armhf.deb	i386.rpm	freebsd_armv7.tar.gz
i386.deb	ppc64le.rpm	freebsd_i386.tar.gz
mips.deb	riscv64.rpm	linux_amd64.tar.gz
mipsel.deb	s390x.rpm	linux_arm64.tar.gz
ppc64el.deb	x86_64.rpm	linux_armel.tar.gz
riscv64.deb		linux_armhf.tar.gz
s390x.deb		linux_i386.tar.gz
		linux_mips.tar.gz
		linux_mipsel.tar.gz
		linux_ppc64le.tar.gz
		linux_riscv64.tar.gz
		linux_s390x.tar.gz