attachment_fu.rb

module Technoweenie # :nodoc:
  module AttachmentFu # :nodoc:
    @@default_processors = %w(ImageScience Rmagick MiniMagick)
    @@tempfile_path      = File.join(RAILS_ROOT, 'tmp', 'attachment_fu')
    @@content_types      = ['image/jpeg', 'image/pjpeg', 'image/gif', 'image/png', 'image/x-png', 'image/jpg']
    mattr_reader :content_types, :tempfile_path, :default_processors
    mattr_writer :tempfile_path

    class ThumbnailError < StandardError;  end
    class AttachmentError < StandardError; end

    module ActMethods
      # Options: 
      # *  <tt>:content_type</tt> - Allowed content types.  Allows all by default.  Use :image to allow all standard image types.
      # *  <tt>:min_size</tt> - Minimum size allowed.  1 byte is the default.
      # *  <tt>:max_size</tt> - Maximum size allowed.  1.megabyte is the default.
      # *  <tt>:size</tt> - Range of sizes allowed.  (1..1.megabyte) is the default.  This overrides the :min_size and :max_size options.
      # *  <tt>:resize_to</tt> - Used by RMagick to resize images.  Pass either an array of width/height, or a geometry string.
      # *  <tt>:thumbnails</tt> - Specifies a set of thumbnails to generate.  This accepts a hash of filename suffixes and RMagick resizing options.
      # *  <tt>:thumbnail_class</tt> - Set what class to use for thumbnails.  This attachment class is used by default.
      # *  <tt>:path_prefix</tt> - path to store the uploaded files.  Uses public/#{table_name} by default for the filesystem, and just #{table_name}
      #      for the S3 backend.  Setting this sets the :storage to :file_system.
      # *  <tt>:storage</tt> - Use :file_system to specify the attachment data is stored with the file system.  Defaults to :db_system.
      #
      # Examples:
      #   has_attachment :max_size => 1.kilobyte
      #   has_attachment :size => 1.megabyte..2.megabytes
      #   has_attachment :content_type => 'application/pdf'
      #   has_attachment :content_type => ['application/pdf', 'application/msword', 'text/plain']
      #   has_attachment :content_type => :image, :resize_to => [50,50]
      #   has_attachment :content_type => ['application/pdf', :image], :resize_to => 'x50'
      #   has_attachment :thumbnails => { :thumb => [50, 50], :geometry => 'x50' }
      #   has_attachment :storage => :file_system, :path_prefix => 'public/files'
      #   has_attachment :storage => :file_system, :path_prefix => 'public/files', 
      #     :content_type => :image, :resize_to => [50,50]
      #   has_attachment :storage => :file_system, :path_prefix => 'public/files',
      #     :thumbnails => { :thumb => [50, 50], :geometry => 'x50' }
      #   has_attachment :storage => :s3
      def has_attachment(options = {})
        # this allows you to redefine the acts' options for each subclass, however
        options[:min_size]         ||= 1
        options[:max_size]         ||= 1.megabyte
        options[:size]             ||= (options[:min_size]..options[:max_size])
        options[:thumbnails]       ||= {}
        options[:thumbnail_class]  ||= self
        options[:s3_access]        ||= :public_read
        options[:content_type] = [options[:content_type]].flatten.collect! { |t| t == :image ? Technoweenie::AttachmentFu.content_types : t }.flatten unless options[:content_type].nil?

        unless options[:thumbnails].is_a?(Hash)
          raise ArgumentError, ":thumbnails option should be a hash: e.g. :thumbnails => { :foo => '50x50' }"
        end

        extend ClassMethods unless (class << self; included_modules; end).include?(ClassMethods)
        include InstanceMethods unless included_modules.include?(InstanceMethods)

        parent_options = attachment_options || {}
        # doing these shenanigans so that #attachment_options is available to processors and backends
        self.attachment_options = options

        attr_accessor :thumbnail_resize_options

        attachment_options[:storage]     ||= (attachment_options[:file_system_path] || attachment_options[:path_prefix]) ? :file_system : :db_file
        attachment_options[:storage]     ||= parent_options[:storage]
        attachment_options[:path_prefix] ||= attachment_options[:file_system_path]
        if attachment_options[:path_prefix].nil?
          attachment_options[:path_prefix] = attachment_options[:storage] == :s3 ? table_name : File.join("public", table_name)
        end
        attachment_options[:path_prefix]   = attachment_options[:path_prefix][1..-1] if options[:path_prefix].first == '/'

        with_options :foreign_key => 'parent_id' do |m|
          m.has_many   :thumbnails, :class_name => attachment_options[:thumbnail_class].to_s
          m.belongs_to :parent, :class_name => base_class.to_s
        end

        storage_mod = Technoweenie::AttachmentFu::Backends.const_get("#{options[:storage].to_s.classify}Backend")
        include storage_mod unless included_modules.include?(storage_mod)

        case attachment_options[:processor]
        when :none, nil
          processors = Technoweenie::AttachmentFu.default_processors.dup
          begin
            if processors.any?
              attachment_options[:processor] = "#{processors.first}Processor"
              processor_mod = Technoweenie::AttachmentFu::Processors.const_get(attachment_options[:processor])
              include processor_mod unless included_modules.include?(processor_mod)
            end
          rescue Object, Exception
            raise unless load_related_exception?($!)

            processors.shift
            retry
          end
        else
          begin
            processor_mod = Technoweenie::AttachmentFu::Processors.const_get("#{attachment_options[:processor].to_s.classify}Processor")
            include processor_mod unless included_modules.include?(processor_mod)
          rescue Object, Exception
            raise unless load_related_exception?($!)

            puts "Problems loading #{options[:processor]}Processor: #{$!}"
          end
        end unless parent_options[:processor] # Don't let child override processor
      end

      def load_related_exception?(e) #:nodoc: implementation specific
        case
        when e.kind_of?(LoadError), e.kind_of?(MissingSourceFile), $!.class.name == "CompilationError"
          # We can't rescue CompilationError directly, as it is part of the RubyInline library.
          # We must instead rescue RuntimeError, and check the class' name.
          true
        else
          false
        end
      end
      private :load_related_exception?
    end

    module ClassMethods
      delegate :content_types, :to => Technoweenie::AttachmentFu

      # Performs common validations for attachment models.
      def validates_as_attachment
        validates_presence_of :size, :content_type, :filename
        validate              :attachment_attributes_valid?
      end

      # Returns true or false if the given content type is recognized as an image.
      def image?(content_type)
        content_types.include?(content_type)
      end

      def self.extended(base)
        base.class_inheritable_accessor :attachment_options
        base.before_destroy :destroy_thumbnails
        base.before_validation :set_size_from_temp_path
        base.after_save :after_process_attachment
        base.after_destroy :destroy_file
        base.after_validation :process_attachment
        if defined?(::ActiveSupport::Callbacks)
          base.define_callbacks :after_resize, :after_attachment_saved, :before_thumbnail_saved
        end
      end

      unless defined?(::ActiveSupport::Callbacks)
        # Callback after an image has been resized.
        #
        #   class Foo < ActiveRecord::Base
        #     acts_as_attachment
        #     after_resize do |record, img| 
        #       record.aspect_ratio = img.columns.to_f / img.rows.to_f
        #     end
        #   end
        def after_resize(&block)
          write_inheritable_array(:after_resize, [block])
        end

        # Callback after an attachment has been saved either to the file system or the DB.
        # Only called if the file has been changed, not necessarily if the record is updated.
        #
        #   class Foo < ActiveRecord::Base
        #     acts_as_attachment
        #     after_attachment_saved do |record|
        #       ...
        #     end
        #   end
        def after_attachment_saved(&block)
          write_inheritable_array(:after_attachment_saved, [block])
        end

        # Callback before a thumbnail is saved.  Use this to pass any necessary extra attributes that may be required.
        #
        #   class Foo < ActiveRecord::Base
        #     acts_as_attachment
        #     before_thumbnail_saved do |record, thumbnail|
        #       ...
        #     end
        #   end
        def before_thumbnail_saved(&block)
          write_inheritable_array(:before_thumbnail_saved, [block])
        end
      end

      # Get the thumbnail class, which is the current attachment class by default.
      # Configure this with the :thumbnail_class option.
      def thumbnail_class
        attachment_options[:thumbnail_class] = attachment_options[:thumbnail_class].constantize unless attachment_options[:thumbnail_class].is_a?(Class)
        attachment_options[:thumbnail_class]
      end

      # Copies the given file path to a new tempfile, returning the closed tempfile.
      def copy_to_temp_file(file, temp_base_name)
        returning Tempfile.new(temp_base_name, Technoweenie::AttachmentFu.tempfile_path) do |tmp|
          tmp.close
          FileUtils.cp file, tmp.path
        end
      end
      
      # Writes the given data to a new tempfile, returning the closed tempfile.
      def write_to_temp_file(data, temp_base_name)
        returning Tempfile.new(temp_base_name, Technoweenie::AttachmentFu.tempfile_path) do |tmp|
          tmp.binmode
          tmp.write data
          tmp.close
        end
      end
    end

    module InstanceMethods
      # Checks whether the attachment's content type is an image content type
      def image?
        self.class.image?(content_type)
      end
      
      # Returns true/false if an attachment is thumbnailable.  A thumbnailable attachment has an image content type and the parent_id attribute.
      def thumbnailable?
        image? && respond_to?(:parent_id) && parent_id.nil?
      end

      # Returns the class used to create new thumbnails for this attachment.
      def thumbnail_class
        self.class.thumbnail_class
      end

      # Gets the thumbnail name for a filename.  'foo.jpg' becomes 'foo_thumbnail.jpg'
      def thumbnail_name_for(thumbnail = nil)
        return filename if thumbnail.blank?
        ext = nil
        basename = filename.gsub /\.\w+$/ do |s|
          ext = s; ''
        end
        # ImageScience doesn't create gif thumbnails, only pngs
        ext.sub!(/gif$/, 'png') if attachment_options[:processor] == "ImageScienceProcessor"
        "#{basename}_#{thumbnail}#{ext}"
      end

      # Creates or updates the thumbnail for the current attachment.
      def create_or_update_thumbnail(temp_file, file_name_suffix, *size)
        thumbnailable? || raise(ThumbnailError.new("Can't create a thumbnail if the content type is not an image or there is no parent_id column"))
        returning find_or_initialize_thumbnail(file_name_suffix) do |thumb|
          thumb.attributes = {
            :content_type             => content_type, 
            :filename                 => thumbnail_name_for(file_name_suffix), 
            :temp_path                => temp_file,
            :thumbnail_resize_options => size
          }
          callback_with_args :before_thumbnail_saved, thumb
          thumb.save!
        end
      end

      # Sets the content type.
      def content_type=(new_type)
        write_attribute :content_type, new_type.to_s.strip
      end
      
      # Sanitizes a filename.
      def filename=(new_name)
        write_attribute :filename, sanitize_filename(new_name)
      end

      # Returns the width/height in a suitable format for the image_tag helper: (100x100)
      def image_size
        [width.to_s, height.to_s] * 'x'
      end

      # Returns true if the attachment data will be written to the storage system on the next save
      def save_attachment?
        File.file?(temp_path.to_s)
      end

      # nil placeholder in case this field is used in a form.
      def uploaded_data() nil; end

      # This method handles the uploaded file object.  If you set the field name to uploaded_data, you don't need
      # any special code in your controller.
      #
      #   <% form_for :attachment, :html => { :multipart => true } do |f| -%>
      #     <p><%= f.file_field :uploaded_data %></p>
      #     <p><%= submit_tag :Save %>
      #   <% end -%>
      #
      #   @attachment = Attachment.create! params[:attachment]
      #
      # TODO: Allow it to work with Merb tempfiles too.
      def uploaded_data=(file_data)
        return nil if file_data.nil? || file_data.size == 0 
        self.content_type = file_data.content_type
        self.filename     = file_data.original_filename if respond_to?(:filename)
        if file_data.is_a?(StringIO)
          file_data.rewind
          self.temp_data = file_data.read
        else
          self.temp_path = file_data
        end
      end

      # Gets the latest temp path from the collection of temp paths.  While working with an attachment,
      # multiple Tempfile objects may be created for various processing purposes (resizing, for example).
      # An array of all the tempfile objects is stored so that the Tempfile instance is held on to until
      # it's not needed anymore.  The collection is cleared after saving the attachment.
      def temp_path
        p = temp_paths.first
        p.respond_to?(:path) ? p.path : p.to_s
      end
      
      # Gets an array of the currently used temp paths.  Defaults to a copy of #full_filename.
      def temp_paths
        @temp_paths ||= (new_record? || !respond_to?(:full_filename) || !File.exist?(full_filename) ?
          [] : [copy_to_temp_file(full_filename)])
      end
      
      # Adds a new temp_path to the array.  This should take a string or a Tempfile.  This class makes no 
      # attempt to remove the files, so Tempfiles should be used.  Tempfiles remove themselves when they go out of scope.
      # You can also use string paths for temporary files, such as those used for uploaded files in a web server.
      def temp_path=(value)
        temp_paths.unshift value
        temp_path
      end

      # Gets the data from the latest temp file.  This will read the file into memory.
      def temp_data
        save_attachment? ? File.read(temp_path) : nil
      end
      
      # Writes the given data to a Tempfile and adds it to the collection of temp files.
      def temp_data=(data)
        self.temp_path = write_to_temp_file data unless data.nil?
      end
      
      # Copies the given file to a randomly named Tempfile.
      def copy_to_temp_file(file)
        self.class.copy_to_temp_file file, random_tempfile_filename
      end
      
      # Writes the given file to a randomly named Tempfile.
      def write_to_temp_file(data)
        self.class.write_to_temp_file data, random_tempfile_filename
      end
      
      # Stub for creating a temp file from the attachment data.  This should be defined in the backend module.
      def create_temp_file() end

      # Allows you to work with a processed representation (RMagick, ImageScience, etc) of the attachment in a block.
      #
      #   @attachment.with_image do |img|
      #     self.data = img.thumbnail(100, 100).to_blob
      #   end
      #
      def with_image(&block)
        self.class.with_image(temp_path, &block)
      end

      protected
        # Generates a unique filename for a Tempfile. 
        def random_tempfile_filename
          "#{rand Time.now.to_i}#{filename || 'attachment'}"
        end

        def sanitize_filename(filename)
          returning filename.strip do |name|
            # NOTE: File.basename doesn't work right with Windows paths on Unix
            # get only the filename, not the whole path
            name.gsub! /^.*(\\|\/)/, ''
            
            # Finally, replace all non alphanumeric, underscore or periods with underscore
            name.gsub! /[^\w\.\-]/, '_'
          end
        end

        # before_validation callback.
        def set_size_from_temp_path
          self.size = File.size(temp_path) if save_attachment?
        end

        # validates the size and content_type attributes according to the current model's options
        def attachment_attributes_valid?
          [:size, :content_type].each do |attr_name|
            enum = attachment_options[attr_name]
            errors.add attr_name, ActiveRecord::Errors.default_error_messages[:inclusion] unless enum.nil? || enum.include?(send(attr_name))
          end
        end

        # Initializes a new thumbnail with the given suffix.
        def find_or_initialize_thumbnail(file_name_suffix)
          respond_to?(:parent_id) ?
            thumbnail_class.find_or_initialize_by_thumbnail_and_parent_id(file_name_suffix.to_s, id) :
            thumbnail_class.find_or_initialize_by_thumbnail(file_name_suffix.to_s)
        end

        # Stub for a #process_attachment method in a processor
        def process_attachment
          @saved_attachment = save_attachment?
        end

        # Cleans up after processing.  Thumbnails are created, the attachment is stored to the backend, and the temp_paths are cleared.
        def after_process_attachment
          if @saved_attachment
            if respond_to?(:process_attachment_with_processing) && thumbnailable? && !attachment_options[:thumbnails].blank? && parent_id.nil?
              temp_file = temp_path || create_temp_file
              attachment_options[:thumbnails].each { |suffix, size| create_or_update_thumbnail(temp_file, suffix, *size) }
            end
            save_to_storage
            @temp_paths.clear
            @saved_attachment = nil
            callback :after_attachment_saved
          end
        end

        # Resizes the given processed img object with either the attachment resize options or the thumbnail resize options.
        def resize_image_or_thumbnail!(img)
          if (!respond_to?(:parent_id) || parent_id.nil?) && attachment_options[:resize_to] # parent image
            resize_image(img, attachment_options[:resize_to])
          elsif thumbnail_resize_options # thumbnail
            resize_image(img, thumbnail_resize_options) 
          end
        end

        # Yanked from ActiveRecord::Callbacks, modified so I can pass args to the callbacks besides self.
        # Only accept blocks, however
        def callback_with_args(method, arg = self)
          notify(method)

          result = nil
          callbacks_for(method).each do |callback|
            result = callback.call(self, arg)
            return false if result == false
          end
          result
        end

        # Rather ugly monkey-patch of AS::Callbacks to support taking an arg
        if defined?(::ActiveSupport::Callbacks)
          def callbacks_for(method) #:nodoc: compatibility method
            self.class.send("#{method}_callback_chain")
          end
          class ::ActiveSupport::Callbacks::Callback
            # Make callbacks accept arguments, but only pass them along to procs for now
            def call(object, *args)
              if should_run_callback?(object)
                case method
                when Proc
                  args = [object, *args].compact
                  method.call(*args)
                else
                  evaluate_method(method, object)
                end
              end
            end
          end
        end

        # Removes the thumbnails for the attachment, if it has any
        def destroy_thumbnails
          self.thumbnails.each { |thumbnail| thumbnail.destroy } if thumbnailable?
        end
    end
  end
end