feat: Add FastAPI (#422)

README.md

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ Quick Reference
 [Django](./docs/django.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(12 75 51);&class=contributing tag&data-lang=Python-->  
 [FFmpeg](./docs/ffmpeg.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(0 193 9);&class=contributing-->  
 [Flask](./docs/flask.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(210 168 255);&class=contributing tag&data-lang=Python-->
+[FastAPI](./docs/fastapi.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(210 168 255);&class=contributing tag&data-lang=Python-->
 [Flutter](./docs/flutter.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(150 220 254);&class=contributing tag&data-lang=Dart-->  
 [Gitlab CI/CD](./docs/gitlab-ci.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(226 67 41);&class=contributing-->  
 [LaTeX](./docs/latex.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(0 128 128);&class=contributing-->  
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@ Quick Reference
 [Dockerfile](./docs/dockerfile.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(0 72 153);&class=tag&data-lang=Docker-->  
 [Django](./docs/django.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(12 75 51);&class=contributing tag&data-lang=Python--> 
 [Flask](./docs/flask.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(210 168 255);&class=contributing tag&data-lang=Python--> 
+[FastAPI](./docs/fastapi.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(210 168 255);&class=contributing tag&data-lang=Python-->
 [Flutter](./docs/flutter.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(150 220 254);&class=contributing tag&data-lang=Dart-->  
 [Golang](./docs/golang.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(39 160 193);-->  
 [GraphQL](./docs/graphql.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(214 66 146);-->  

docs/fastapi.md

@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+FastAPI备忘清单
+===
+
+FastAPI 是一个用于构建 API 的现代、快速（高性能）的 web 框架，使用 Python 3.6+ 并基于标准的 Python 类型提示。
+
+入门
+---
+
+### 最小程序
+
+下面代码会直接启动http服务，也可以使用uvicorn main:app --reload
+
+```python
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+import uvicorn
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+# http://127.0.0.1:8000/
+@app.get("/")
+async def root():
+    return {"message": "Hello World"}
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    uvicorn.run(app='main:app', reload=True)
+```
+
+### 查询参数
+<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2 row-span-2-->
+
+带默认值的查询参数 <http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=0&limit=2>
+
+```python
+fake_items_db = [{"item_name": "Foo"}, {"item_name": "Bar"}, {"item_name": "Baz"}]
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_item(skip: int = 0, limit: int = 10):
+    return fake_items_db[skip: skip + limit]
+```
+
+可选查询参数 <http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/1?q=admin>
+
+```python
+from typing import Union
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+async def read_item(item_id: str, q: Union[str, None] = None):
+    if q:
+        return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
+    return {"item_id": item_id}
+```
+
+多路径多查询参数 <http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/1/items/2> or <http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/1/items/2?q=query&short=true>
+
+```python
+@app.get("/users/{user_id}/items/{item_id}")
+async def read_user_item(
+        user_id: int, item_id: str, q: Union[str, None] = None, short: bool = False
+):
+    item = {"item_id": item_id, "owner_id": user_id}
+    if q:
+        item.update({"q": q})
+    if not short:
+        item.update(
+            {"description": "This is an amazing item that has a long description"}
+        )
+    return item
+```
+
+必需查询参数 <http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/123?needy=yes>
+
+```python
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+async def read_user_item(item_id: str, needy: str):
+    item = {"item_id": item_id, "needy": needy}
+    return item
+```
+
+### 路径参数
+
+最基本的路径参数 <http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/1>
+
+```python
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+async def read_item(item_id):
+    return {"item_id": item_id} # item_id自定义
+```
+
+多个路径参数 <http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/1/2>
+
+```python
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}/{user_id}")
+async def read_item(item_id, user_id):
+    return {"item_id": item_id, "user_id": user_id}
+```
+
+有类型的路径参数 <http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/1>
+
+```python
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+async def read_item(item_id: int):
+    return {"item_id": item_id}
+```
+
+文件路径参数 <http://127.0.0.1:8000/file//home/my/my.txt>
+
+```python
+@app.get("/file/{file_path:path}")
+async def read_item(file_path):
+    return {"file_path": file_path}
+```
+
+### 请求体
+
+```python
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from typing import Union
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str = '小明'
+    description: Union[str, None] = None
+    price: float
+    tax: Union[float, None] = None
+@app.post("/items/")
+async def create_item(item: Item):
+    print(item.name)
+    return item
+```
+
+#### 调用
+
+```bash
+curl -X 'POST' \
+  'http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/' \
+  -H 'accept: application/json' \
+  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
+  -d '{
+  "name": "小明",
+  "description": "string",
+  "price": 0,
+  "tax": 0
+}'
+```
+
+### 查询参数和字符串校验
+
+```python
+from fastapi import Query
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_items(q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None, max_length=50)):
+    results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]}
+    if q:
+        results.update({"q": q})
+    return results
+```
+
+#### 参数列表
+
+| 参数       | 含义         | 类型          |
+| ---------- | ------------ | ------------- |
+| default    | 默认值       | 任意类型或... |
+| max_length | 最大长度     | int           |
+| min_length | 最小长度     | int           |
+| pattern    | 正则匹配     | string        |
+| alias      | 别名参数     | string        |
+| deprecated | 准备弃用参数 | bool          |
+
+多个相同的查询参数 <http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?q=foo&q=bar>
+
+```python
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_items(q: Union[List[str], None] = Query(default=None)):
+    query_items = {"q": q}
+    return query_items
+```
+
+参考
+---
+
+- [Python 备忘清单](./python.md) _(jaywcjlove.github.io)_
+- [FastAPI 官方文档](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/zh/tutorial/) _(fastapi.tiangolo.com)_