Solar models

These are models discussed in J. Christensen-Dalsgaard: Solar structure and evolution (see Tables 1 and 5 of the paper), to be published by Living Reviews in Solar Physics. In addition to the model structure, oscillation frequencies for the models are provided below.

The model names are linked to ASCII files of the model structure, in the so-called GONG format. The structure of the files is described in File format for the GONG solar model project.

Model	Age	R	L	Opacity	Surface	Surface	Other changes
	(Gyr)	(1.e10 cm)	(1.e33 erg/s)	tables	opacity	comp.	(see caption)
S	4.60	6.9599	3.846	OPAL92	Kur91	GN93	-
Age	4.57	6.9599	3.846	OPAL92	Kur91	GN93	-
R_s	4.60	6.95508	3.846	OPAL92	Kur91	GN93	-
L_s	4.60	6.9599	3.828	OPAL92	Kur91	GN93	-
Opc_7_0	4.60	6.9599	3.846	OPAL92	Kur91	GN93	EOS Liv05
Opc_6_5	4.60	6.9599	3.846	OPAL92	Kur91	GN93	Local delta log kappa
OPAL96	4.60	6.9599	3.846	OPAL92	Kur91	GN93	Local delta log kappa
OP05	4.60	6.9599	3.846	OPAL96	Kur91	GN93	-
GS98	4.60	6.9599	3.846	OPAL96	Fer05	GN93	Surf. opac.
Liv05	4.60	6.9599	3.846	OPAL96	Fer05	GS98	-
Surf_opac	4.60	6.9599	3.846	OP05	Fer05	GS98	-
CM	4.60	6.9599	3.846	OPAL92	Kur91	GN93	CM conv.
Adelb11	4.60	6.9599	3.846	OPAL92	Kur91	GN93	EnGen. Adelberger
NACRE	4.60	6.9599	3.846	OPAL92	Kur91	GN93	EnGen. NACRE
3He_eql	4.60	6.9599	3.846	OPAL92	Kur91	GN93	3He nucl. eql.
No_el_scrn	4.60	6.9599	3.846	OPAL92	Kur91	GN93	no electr. screen.
Dc	4.60	6.9599	3.846	OPAL92	Kur91	GN93	Change diff.
DVc	4.60	6.9599	3.846	OPAL92	Kur91	GN93	Change diff., settl.
No_diff	4.60	6.9599	3.846	OPAL96	Alex94	GN93	No diffusion
AGS05	4.60	6.9599	3.846	OPAL96	Fer05	AGS05	-
AGSS09	4.60	6.9599	3.846	OPAL96	Fer05	AGSS09	-

Parameters of solar models.

• Age, R and L are for the model of the present Sun.

• OPAL92, OPAL96 and OP05 refer to the opacity tables by Rogers and Iglesias (1992), Iglesias and Rogers (1996) and Badnell et al. (2005), respectively, while Kur91, Alex94 and Fer05 indicate low-temperature opacities from Kurucz (1991), Alexander and Ferguson (1994) and Ferguson et al. (2005).

• The heavy-element abundance used in the opacities are GN93 (Grevesse and Noels 1993), (Grevesse and Sauval 1998), AGS05 (Asplund et al. 2005) or AGSS09 (Asplund et al. 2009).

• The default equation of state is the Rogers et al. (1996) implementation of the OPAL formulation, while Model Liv05 used the Rogers and Nayfonov (2002) version.

• In Models Opc_7_0 and Opc_6_5 localized increases in opacity were included, at respectively log T_kappa = 7.0 and 6.5.

• Model CM replaced the mixing-length treatment of convection (Bohm-Vitense 1958) by an emulation of the Canuto and Mazzitelli (1991) formulation.

• The default set of nuclear-reaction parameters is based on Bahcal and Pinsonneault (1995), while Models Adelb11 and NACRE used, respectively, the set from Adelberger et al. (2011) and the NACRE set (Angulo et al. 1999) with an updated 14N + 1H reaction (Formicola et al. 2004).

• In Model 3He_eql the 3He abundance was assumed to be always in nuclear equilibrium, while Model No_el_scrn neglected electron screening.

• In Model Dc the diffusion coefficient D_i was increased by a factor 1.2, while in Model DVc both D_i and V_i were increased by this factor.

• Finally diffusion and settling were neglected in Model No_diff.

For convenience, all models have been collected in a zip file. Here the file names have the structure

fgong_name_file-ID.txt

where 'name' is the model name used above and 'file-ID' identifies the internal file name used in the modelling.

Oscillation frequencies

Oscillation frequencies have been computed for the models listed above, for modes of degree up to 6 with frequencies between the lower (gravity-wave) and upper (acoustic) cut-off frequencies (see Unno et al. 1989; Non-radial oscillations of stars, for details). They are linked in the copy below of the above table. The structure of the files is described in Format for frequency comparison.

Model	Age	R	L	Opacity	Surface	Surface	Other changes
	(Gyr)	(1.e10 cm)	(1.e33 erg/s)	tables	opacity	comp.	(see caption)
S	4.60	6.9599	3.846	OPAL92	Kur91	GN93	-
Age	4.57	6.9599	3.846	OPAL92	Kur91	GN93	-
R_s	4.60	6.95508	3.846	OPAL92	Kur91	GN93	-
L_s	4.60	6.9599	3.828	OPAL92	Kur91	GN93	-
Opc_7_0	4.60	6.9599	3.846	OPAL92	Kur91	GN93	EOS Liv05
Opc_6_5	4.60	6.9599	3.846	OPAL92	Kur91	GN93	Local delta log kappa
OPAL96	4.60	6.9599	3.846	OPAL92	Kur91	GN93	Local delta log kappa
OP05	4.60	6.9599	3.846	OPAL96	Kur91	GN93	-
GS98	4.60	6.9599	3.846	OPAL96	Fer05	GN93	Surf. opac.
Liv05	4.60	6.9599	3.846	OPAL96	Fer05	GS98	-
Surf_opac	4.60	6.9599	3.846	OP05	Fer05	GS98	-
CM	4.60	6.9599	3.846	OPAL92	Kur91	GN93	CM conv.
Adelb11	4.60	6.9599	3.846	OPAL92	Kur91	GN93	EnGen. Adelberger
NACRE	4.60	6.9599	3.846	OPAL92	Kur91	GN93	EnGen. NACRE
3He_eql	4.60	6.9599	3.846	OPAL92	Kur91	GN93	3He nucl. eql.
No_el_scrn	4.60	6.9599	3.846	OPAL92	Kur91	GN93	no electr. screen.
Dc	4.60	6.9599	3.846	OPAL92	Kur91	GN93	Change diff.
DVc	4.60	6.9599	3.846	OPAL92	Kur91	GN93	Change diff., settl.
No_diff	4.60	6.9599	3.846	OPAL96	Alex94	GN93	No diffusion
AGS05	4.60	6.9599	3.846	OPAL96	Fer05	AGS05	-
AGSS09	4.60	6.9599	3.846	OPAL96	Fer05	AGSS09	-

For convenience, all models have been collected in a zip file. The file names use the same convention as the model file names provided above, with 'fobs' instead of 'fgong'

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Last updated Saturday 20 February 2021 by Jørgen Christensen-Dalsgaard